Relative Incidence of Corynebacterium Vaginale (Haemophils Vaginalis), Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas Spp. Among Women Attending a Venereal Disease Clinic

Dunkelberg, W. E.; Skaggs, Romulus; Kellogg, Douglas S.; Domescik, Gerald

doi:10.1097/00006254-197102000-00023

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The incidence of trichomonas infection has been declining for the past 20 years, and currently this accounts for only 10% to 25% of vaginal infections, depending on the population studied. 33,101,102 Sexually transmitted disease clinics report a higher incidence of this infection. Risk factors for trichomonas infection include lower socioeconomic status and having a greater number of sexual partners.…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginitis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, women who stop smoking are no more likely to be infected than nonsmokers, suggesting that smoking in-creases trichomonas colonization through a physiologic effect on the vaginal environment. 101 The organism has been found to coexist with a number of other infections, including gonococcal infection and bacterial vaginosis. 11,103 Concurrent bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were found in 22% of pregnant adolescents in one study.…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginitis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…106 The characteristic "strawberry cervix," caused by intraepithelial hemorrhages, is seen in only 5% to 10% of patients. 2,101 Virulence is highly variable among the different strains, and 25% to 50% of women who are culture positive for Trichomonas vaginalis are asymptomatic. Trichomonas vaginalis can be recovered from the urine in up to 30% of male sexual contacts of women with the infection; however, less than 20% of men with trichomonas in the urine are symptomatic.…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginitis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and management of vaginitis

1998

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V aginitis is a common medical problem in women that is associated with substantial discomfort and frequent medical visits. Roughly 5 to 10 million office visits per year are attributed to vaginitis. 1 Research in recent years has increased our understanding of the disease process and its potential sequelae and resulted in improved diagnostic and treatment modalities. 2-6 Nevertheless, adequate diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis in the office setting often is problematic for practitioners. 2,5,7-9 Moreover, the availability of over-the-counter medications for fungal vaginitis has increased the likelihood that women will come to medical attention with partially or inadequately treated infections. 10 We will focus on the common infectious causes of vaginal discharge-yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, emphasizing new developments in diagnosis, associated complications, and treatment of these infections.The initial evaluation of vaginal discharge requires an understanding of physiologic vaginal discharge and what differentiates it from abnormal, pathologic discharge. Substances from the vulvar, sebaceous, sweat, Bartholin's and Skene's glands, as well as exfoliated cells, cervical mucus, and secretions of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes constitute the normal physiologic secretions of the vagina. These secretions pool in the posterior fornix and do not adhere to the vaginal walls. 11 The pH of normal vaginal secretions in women of childbearing age is between 3.8 and 4.5. The presence of sperm, blood, amniotic fluid, or cervical mucus raises the vaginal pH. 11 The amount and fluidity of the discharge can vary over the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus becomes more fluid around ovulation, and women frequently mistake this change in consistency for an abnormal discharge. Stress increases the rate of vaginal desquamation and thus the amount of discharge, which patients can also mistake for a pathologic discharge. 12 Women generally do not have other symptoms if their discharge is physiologic.In contrast, a pathologic discharge adheres to the vaginal walls and is often accompanied by irritation, pruritus, odor, or urinary symptoms such as dysuria or frequency. 6 The discharge can be thick to watery and frothy, and white to yellow, gray, or green. 11 Causes of an abnormal discharge include infectious causes of vaginitis such as yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, as well as cervicitis and sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia infection. Noninfectious etiologies include chemical irritants such

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Section: Trichomonas Vaginitis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trichomonas Vaginitis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trichomonas Vaginitis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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