Relative importance of predatory versus non-predatory mortality for dominant copepod species in the northern Chilean (23°S) Humboldt Current System

Yáñez, Sonia; Hidalgo, Pamela; Tang, Kam W.

doi:10.3354/meps13130

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In addition to temperature, copepod mortality varies with developmental stage and season, among other factors. For example, Yáñez et al (2019) calculated the mortality of copepod nauplii in the Chilean Humboldt Current to be close to the global rates estimated by Hirst and Kiørboe (2002), but found increased mortality rates at later copepodite stages for the species Calanus chilensis (0.14 d −1 for CIV, 0.19 d −1 for CV, calculated from Table 3 in Hirst and Kiørboe). Tang et al (2006) estimated a higher non‐consumptive mortality rate for estuarine and oceanic copepods (0.1 d −1 ), while Sampei et al (2020) measured a high copepod carcass flux in late winter due to the end of their life cycle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The sensitivity analysis showed that the carcass flux estimations were highly sensitive to uncertainty in mortality rates. When using a higher mortality rate as reported by Yáñez et al (2019) for the Chilean Humboldt Current region, the flux increased by an order of magnitude, which was three times the amount of POC flux by marine snow. The increase in mortality rate leads to a linear increase in carcass flux (i.e., approximately by the factor 8 in this example) compared to the control run.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Given that most N. tonsus individuals die after reproduction (Bradford‐Grieve et al 2001), the mortality rates are likely higher, which can lead to an underestimation of the carbon flux by copepod carcasses. Therefore, in this study, the average of the two mortality rates given by Yáñez et al (2019), 0.14 and 0.19 d −1 (i.e., 0.17 d −1 ), was used as the upper limit to analyze the sensitivity of carcass flux to a change in mortality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non‐consumptive mortality, that is, mortality not caused by predation, accounts for up to one‐third of total mortality in freshwater and marine zooplankton populations (Hirst and Kiørboe 2002; Dubovskaya et al 2003; Tang and Elliott 2014). Mortality rates, as reviewed by Daase et al (2014) or Hirst and Kiørboe (2002), vary with temperature (Hirst and Kiørboe 2002), developmental stage (Yáñez et al 2019), or season (Sampei et al 2012). Causes for mortality include food limitation, natural death caused by aging, or infections (Sampei et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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“Sinking dead”—How zooplankton carcasses contribute to particulate organic carbon flux in the subantarctic Southern Ocean

Halfter

Cavan

Butterworth

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Zooplankton carcasses are an important, yet understudied, pathway of the biological gravitational pump. To understand their contribution to the downward carbon flux in the subantarctic, carcasses of the copepod Neocalanus tonsus were analyzed for carbon content, microbial remineralization rates, and sinking velocities. In addition, the sensitivity of carcass flux to varying mortality, microbial turnover, and sinking velocity rates was analyzed and compared to carbon flux measurements from sediment traps. Microbial decomposition rates (between 0.02 and 0.16 d−1) were comparable to those of marine snow, highlighting the importance of carcasses as microbial hotspots. High sinking velocities (730 ± 182 m d−1) suggest that particulate organic carbon flux to the deep ocean is substantial. Carcass flux is sensitive to a change in sinking velocity but appears less sensitive to fluctuations in microbial decomposition rate. More research on zooplankton mortality and the factors that influence carcass sinking through the water column is needed to quantify the carcass‐mediated carbon export and enable their inclusion in marine ecosystem and biogeochemical models.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

“Sinking dead”—How zooplankton carcasses contribute to particulate organic carbon flux in the subantarctic Southern Ocean

Halfter

Cavan

Butterworth

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Considering an adult population of 1992−13 965 ind. m −2 (Criales- Hernández et al 2008, Pino-Pinuer et al 2014) and a rate of nonpredatory mortality of 0.46 d −1 (Yáñez et al 2019), A. tonsa populations alone could cause a sinking flux of carcasses of between 916 and 6424 carcasses m −2 d −1 , equivalent to a sinking flux of POC of 6.4− 44.7 mg C m −2 d −1 . Since this POC flux occurs in shallow areas (< 200 m) and considering a sinking speed of 90 m d −1 , more than 70% of the total carbon of the carcasses can reach the seafloor in coastal areas, irrespective of temperature.…”

Section: Importance Of Sinking Copepod Carcasses For Oceanic Carbon C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on carbon mineralization of sinking copepod carcasses

Franco-Cisterna

Stief

Glud

2021

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Copepod carcasses are prevalent in marine ecosystems and might represent an important component of the sinking flux of particulate organic carbon in the ocean. The extent to which copepod carcasses contribute to the biological carbon pump is controlled by different environmental factors, including temperature. However, the effect of temperature on the longer-term kinetics of carbon mineralization of copepod carcasses is not well-studied. We conducted laboratory experiments to quantify the carbon mineralization associated with sinking carcasses of the cosmopolitan copepod Acartia tonsa through aerobic microbial respiration at 5 temperatures (20, 16, 12, 8, and 4°C). Microbial respiration rates associated with the carcasses were positively correlated with temperature and characterized by an initial short lag-phase, a rapid increase to a maximum rate, and a subsequent gradual decline in the rate of degradation. On average, 50% of the total carbon of the carcasses was mineralized within 6-12 d at 20°C, versus >60 d at 4°C. During the incubations, most carbon mineralization occurred in the ambient seawater, likely fueled by dissolved organic carbon leaking from the carcasses into the surrounding seawater. Extrapolating measured carbon turnover and sinking rates suggests that at 20°C, the mineralization of sinking copepod carcasses is constrained to the surface ocean. In contrast, at 4°C, sinking copepod carcasses can reach the deep ocean before they have been completely degraded. Hence, in low-temperature regions, copepod carcasses may represent an important agent for carbon export through the biological carbon pump.

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Vertical occurrence of copepod carcasses in the Cosmonaut Sea during austral summer

Yang

Mou

Chen

et al. 2022

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Relative importance of predatory versus non-predatory mortality for dominant copepod species in the northern Chilean (23°S) Humboldt Current System

Cited by 4 publications

References 62 publications

“Sinking dead”—How zooplankton carcasses contribute to particulate organic carbon flux in the subantarctic Southern Ocean

“Sinking dead”—How zooplankton carcasses contribute to particulate organic carbon flux in the subantarctic Southern Ocean

Temperature effects on carbon mineralization of sinking copepod carcasses

Vertical occurrence of copepod carcasses in the Cosmonaut Sea during austral summer

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