Relative importance of plant-mediated bottom-up and top-down forces on herbivore abundance on Brassica oleracea

Kos, Martine; Broekgaarden, Colette; Kabouw, Patrick; Lenferink, Kirsten Oude; Poelman, Erik H.; Vet, Louise E. M.; Dicke, Marcel; Loon, Joop J. A. van

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01871.x

Cited by 59 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The multivariate analysis mostly 301 separated the GLS profile of Cvi plants from the profile of the other two ecotypes, which 302 corresponded to the largest difference in herbivore performance. It has been proposed that 303 specific GLS can shape insect performance and abundance more strongly than total 304 concentrations of these compounds (Kos et al, 2011a;Poelman et al, 2009), and that plants …”

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Effects of glucosinolates on a generalist and specialist leaf-chewing herbivore and an associated parasitoid

et al. 2012

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of Arabidopsis thaliana that differ in their GLS composition and concentrations and one 32 transformed line that constitutively produces higher concentrations of aliphatic GLS were 33 used, the latter allowing a direct assessment of the effects of aliphatic GLS on insect 34 performance. 35Feeding by the generalist S. exigua and the specialist P. rapae induced both higher 36 aliphatic and indole GLS concentrations in the A. thaliana ecotypes, although induction was 37 stronger for indole than aliphatic GLS. For both herbivores a negative correlation between 38 performance and aliphatic GLS concentrations was observed. This suggests that the specialist, 39 despite containing a nitrile-specifier protein (NSP) that diverts GLS degradation from toxic 40 isothiocyanates to less toxic nitriles, cannot completely inhibit the formation of toxic GLS 41 hydrolytic products, or that the costs of this mechanism are higher at higher GLS

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Effects of glucosinolates on a generalist and specialist leaf-chewing herbivore and an associated parasitoid

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“…Moreover, herbivore species have been found to have differential season-long effects on the colonisation of the plant by other herbivores as well as their predators and parasitoids (van Zandt and Agrawal 2004, Viswanathan et al 2005, Poelman et al 2010, Stam et al 2014, Li et al 2016. The historical contingency on community assembly has both bottom-up and topdown components that are frequently heavily entwined (Utsumi et al 2010, Kos et al 2011, Leopold et al 2017. For example, individual herbivores may promote abundance of associated predators and parasitoids that in turn may have top-down effects on this as well as other herbivore species (Utsumi et al 2010, Kos et al 2011.…”

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Order of herbivore arrival on wild cabbage populations influences subsequent arthropod community development

Stam

Dicke

Poelman

2018

Oikos

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In plant–arthropod associations, the first herbivores to colonise a plant may directly or indirectly affect community assembly on that particular plant. Whether the order of arrival of different arthropod species further modulates community assembly and affects plant fitness remains unclear. Using wild Brassica oleracea plants in the field, we manipulated the order of arrival of early‐season herbivores that belong to different feeding guilds, namely the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae and caterpillars of Plutella xylostella. We investigated the effect of herbivore identity and order of arrival on community assembly on two B. oleracea plant populations during two growth seasons. For this perennial plant, we evaluated whether foliar herbivory also affected herbivore communities on the flowers and if these interactions affected plant seed production. Aphid infestation caused an increase in parasitoid abundance, but caterpillars modulated these effects, depending on the order of herbivore infestation and plant population. In the second growth season, when plants flowered, the order of infestation of leaves with aphids and caterpillars more strongly affected abundance of herbivores feeding on the flowers than those feeding on leaves. Infestation with caterpillars followed by aphids caused an increase in flower‐feeding herbivores compared to the reversed order of infestation in one plant population, whereas the opposite effects were observed for the other plant population. The impact on plant seed set in the first reproductive year was limited. Our work shows that the identity and arrival order of early season herbivores may have long‐term consequences for community composition on individual plants and that these patterns may vary among plant populations. We discuss how these community processes may affect plant fitness and speculate on the implications for evolution of plant defences.

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“…This is due to the fact that roots are the first tissues to emerge from the seed. Aphids generally arrive later in the life cycle of a plant, when sufficient leaf mass has formed (Kos et al, 2011). In natural environments, aphids are thus likely to encounter plants that are already infested by root nematodes.…”

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Differences in Hormonal Signaling Triggered by Two Root-Feeding Nematode Species Result in Contrasting Effects on Aphid Population Growth

et al. 2018

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Belowground feeding herbivores can affect their aboveground counterparts via systemic induced responses. Hormonal signaling pathways, such as the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, play a pivotal role in shaping such aboveground-belowground herbivore interactions. In this study, we analyzed the effects of two root-feeding nematode species, the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, on the preference and performance of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae. The two sedentary nematodes differ in their feeding strategies and in which plant responses they trigger. We tested the hypothesis that differences in aphid preference and performance are governed by differences in systemic defense signaling triggered by the nematodes. When allowed to choose, aphids showed a lower preference for black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants infested with H. schachtii compared to uninfested plants. On these plants their population increase was reduced as well. Gene expression analyses revealed that aphid infestation on H. schachtii-infested plants strongly induced PR1, a marker gene for the SA-pathway. The expression of the JA marker genes VSP2 and MYC2 was repressed. On the other hand, M. hapla infestation increased aphid preference and population growth compared to those on control plants. Aphid feeding upregulated the expression of VSP2 and MYC2, whereas PR1 expression was not induced. Interestingly, aphid infestation on plants without nematodes did not activate any of the signaling pathways. This suggests that H. schachtii infestation systemically enhanced aphid induced-resistance via the SA pathway. In contrast, M. hapla infestation enhanced JA-pathway regulated responses. This may reduce SA-induced resistance to aphid infestation via negative JA-SA cross-talk. Based on our results, we conclude that the differences in the interactions of aphids with cyst and root-knot nematodes emerge from differences in the plant responses triggered by both nematodes. Our results show that aboveground herbivore performance on plants infested with different nematode species may be strongly associated with nematode feeding strategies.

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Relative importance of plant-mediated bottom-up and top-down forces on herbivore abundance on Brassica oleracea

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of glucosinolates on a generalist and specialist leaf-chewing herbivore and an associated parasitoid

Effects of glucosinolates on a generalist and specialist leaf-chewing herbivore and an associated parasitoid

Order of herbivore arrival on wild cabbage populations influences subsequent arthropod community development

Differences in Hormonal Signaling Triggered by Two Root-Feeding Nematode Species Result in Contrasting Effects on Aphid Population Growth

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