Relative importance of management vs. design for implementation of large-scale ecological networks

Bazelet, Corinna S.; Samways, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s10980-010-9557-z

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity are evident on a global scale, and researchers and managers must develop ways to understand and mitigate them (Bazelet and Samways, 2011). For instance, many European bird species have declined as agricultural intensification has resulted in the increasing fragmentation and isolation of natural habitats (Donald et al, 2001;Tscharntke et al, 2005), and yet the consequences of losing these often key species from mutualistic or antagonistic networks are still largely unknown.…”

Section: Applications In Conservation and Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World

Hagen

Kissling

Rasmussen

et al. 2012

Advances in Ecological Research

360

352

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Section: Applications In Conservation and Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World

Hagen

Kissling

Rasmussen

et al. 2012

Advances in Ecological Research

360

352

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This emphasizes the point that well-designed ENs are able to conserve arthropod diversity. Grasshoppers in particular show large changes in assemblage composition in large compared to small corridors, with small corridors characterized by early successional habitat suitable for certain specialist species [30]. Here, butterflies showed a high β repl value across the whole study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…patch size, context, etc.) and so need grazing to maintain their diversity and function within grasslands [30,31]. Yet, grasshopper diversity seems to show little change when livestock grazing is compared to that of wild ungulates [32,33], with the disturbances caused by livestock grazing seemingly mimicking those of wild ungulate grazing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Herbivore Grazing Enhances Insect Diversity over Livestock Grazing in an African Grassland System

2016

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Southern Africa’s grassland biodiversity is threatened by habitat transformation such as commercial forestry. Ecological networks (ENs) have been instigated to alleviate the pressure of habitat transformation on local biodiversity. ENs are large scale webs of corridors and patches of natural vegetation criss-crossing production landscapes that can simulate conditions in protected areas (PAs). Many ENs have lost many native large mammal species, which have been replaced by domestic livestock to retain natural grazing dynamics, which could have an impact on the long-term value of ENs for insects. Here we compared dung beetle, butterfly and grasshopper diversity in ENs across a landscape mosaic of timber plantations, where 1) wild megaherbivores were maintained, 2) in ENs where these herbivores were replaced by livestock and, 3) in a nearby World Heritage PA which retained its natural complement of megaherbivores. Sites in the PA far from any plantation were similar in composition to those in the wild grazed EN. Presence of the wild grazers improved the alpha- and beta-diversity of all focal insect taxa when compared to domestic grazing. Furthermore, species composition shows significant differences between the two grazing systems indicating that an assemblage of native large mammals facilitates insect diversity conservation. We support the maintenance or introduction of large native mammals in ENs or similar conservation areas in production landscapes to simulate the ecological conditions and natural heterogeneity in nearby PAs.

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“…Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to analyze fly community structure at the “species group” level in the different habitats, and to describe effects of environmental factors on community composition and distribution of fly species in different habitats, using CANOCO 4.5 [26]. Problems typically associated with unbalanced experiments are reduced by screening for collinearity among environmental variables (habitats) using the inflation factor in CANOCO, which reduces potential bias [26], [27]. Environmental variables included in the analysis were habitat type (endemic forest, kīpuka and bogs, mixed endemic/non-indigenous forest, nonendemic forest, fruit and coffee orchards, and invasive strawberry guava or common guava).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Implications of Changes in Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae Diversity across Land Use Gradients

2013

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Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae, a radiation of nearly 1000 species including 13 federally listed as endangered, occur mostly in intact native forest, 500–1500 m above sea level. But their persistence in disturbed forest and agricultural areas has not been documented. Thus, control efforts for agricultural pests may impact endemic species if previously undocumented refugia in agricultural areas may play a role in their conservation. To quantify whether invasive plants and agriculture habitats may harbor endemic Drosophilidae, we established standardized trapping arrays, with traps typically designed to control invasive fruit flies (Tephritidae), with 81 sites across native, disturbed and agricultural land use gradients on the islands of Hawai’i and Maui. We collected and identified, to species level, over 22,000 specimens. We found 121 of the possible 292 species expected to occur in the sampled areas, and the majority (91%) of the captured specimens belonged to 24 common species. Species diversity and numbers were greatest in the native forest, but 55% of the species occurred in the invasive strawberry guava belt and plantation forest, adjacent to and almost 500 m from native forest, and 22 species were collected in orchards and nonnative forest as far as 10 km from native habitats. Their persistence outside of native forest suggests that more careful management of disturbed forest and a reassessment of its conservation value are in order. Conservation efforts and assessments of native forest integrity should include the subset of species restricted to intact native forest, since these species are highly localized and particularly sensitive. Additionally, future efforts to control invasive pest fruit flies should consider the nontarget impacts of maintaining traps in and near native forest. This survey project demonstrates the utility of thorough biotic surveys and taxonomic expertise in developing both sensitive species lists and baseline diversity indices for future conservation and monitoring efforts.

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Relative importance of management vs. design for implementation of large-scale ecological networks

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World

Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World

Wild Herbivore Grazing Enhances Insect Diversity over Livestock Grazing in an African Grassland System

Conservation Implications of Changes in Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae Diversity across Land Use Gradients

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