Relative impact of browsing by red deer on mixed coniferous and broad-leaved seedlings—An enclosure-based experiment

Pepin, Denise; Renaud, Pierre‐Cyril; Boscardin, Y.; Goulard, Michel; Mallet, Christophe; Anglard, Frédéric; Ballon, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.034

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Modry et al (2004) already concluded that browsing is the main factor confounding shade tolerance studies. Obviously, the "apparent" superior shade tolerance of Fagus results from its lower speciesspecifi c palatability to roe deer (Holt 1977, Pépin et al 2006). …”

Section: Other Factors Explaining Species Loss In Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ungulate browsing causes species loss in deciduous forests independent of community dynamics and silvicultural management in Central and Southeastern Europe

et al. 2014

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L., Teodosiu M., 2014. Ungulate browsing causes species loss in deciduous forests independent of community dynamics and silvicultural management in Central and Southeastern Europe. Ann. For. Res. 57(2): 267-288, 2014.Abstract. Grid-based inventories of 1,924 deciduous forests plots in Germany and 4,775 in Romania were used to investigate tree species composition as affected by browsing and grazing under different forest management (rotation forestry, selectively cut forest, protected forest). At regional scale, the loss of tree species in the dominant layer was between 52 to 67% in Germany and of 10 to 30% in Romania, with largest effects in protected nature reserves in Germany. At plot level, only 50% (Germany) to 54% (Romania) of canopy species were found in the regeneration layer with a height of 1.5 m. Browsing was influenced by the proportion of Fagus in the regenerating trees in Germany, and by stand density, basal area, and management in both regions. Structural equation modeling explained 11 to 26% of the variance in species loss based on the fresh loss of the terminal bud in the winter prior to the inventory work (one season browsing). Browsing (and grazing in Romania) is shown to be a significant cause of species loss across both countries and all management types. Potential cascading effects on other organisms of deciduous forest ecosystems are discussed. We conclude that the present hunting practices that support overabundant ungulate populations constitute a major threat to the biodiversity of deciduous forests in Germany and Romania and to other places with similar ungulate management, and that changes my only be possible by modernizing the legal framework of hunting.

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Section: Other Factors Explaining Species Loss In Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ungulate browsing causes species loss in deciduous forests independent of community dynamics and silvicultural management in Central and Southeastern Europe

et al. 2014

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“…In grazed grasslands, survival of seedlings was highly constrained by grazing and browsing, whereas competition for light, rabbit grazing and, to a lesser extent, drought caused death in ungrazed circumstances. In natural and semi-natural circumstances, these stress factors were found to be equally or even more important than grazing (Frost and Rydin, 1997;Pé pin et al, 2006). In woodpastures in the Swiss Jura, desiccation of seedlings was the most common cause of seedling death (Vandenberghe et al, 2006).…”

Section: Bramble and Tall Herb Patches As Safe Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of woodpasture on former agricultural land: The importance of safe sites and time gaps before grazing for tree seedlings

Uytvanck

Maes

Vandenhaute

et al. 2008

Biological Conservation

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Low intensity grazing Large herbivoresTree regeneration A B S T R A C TWoodpastures (open, grazed woodlands with a mosaic of grassland, shrub and tree patches) are of high biological and cultural value and have become a threatened ecosystem in Europe. Spontaneous tree regeneration in the presence of large herbivores, is an essential process for management and restoration of this structurally diverse habitat. We examined the suitability of five vegetation types (grasslands, ruderal vegetations, tall sedges, rush tussocks and bramble thickets), grazed by large herbivores, for tree regeneration.We hypothesized that bramble thickets and tall herb communities operate as safe sites for palatable tree species through the mechanism of associational resistance. We set up a field experiment with tree seedlings in grazed and ungrazed conditions and recorded mortality and growth of seedlings of two palatable tree species (Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior) during three growing seasons. In the same experiment, we studied the effect of a two year's initial time gap before grazing.Bramble thickets were suitable safe sites for survival and growth of seedlings of both species. Tall sedges, soft rush tussocks and ruderal vegetations with unpalatable or spiny species provided temporal protection, allowing seedlings to survive. Tree regeneration in livestock grazed grassland was highly constrained. Rabbits may undo the nursing effects of bramble thickets. The first year's survival is of major importance for the establishment of trees. Subsequent grazing affects growth rather than survival. A two year's initial time gap before grazing, had positive effects on survival, but did not enhance outgrowth of unprotected trees.

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“…Browsing damage to coniferous and broad-leaved seedlings increases with tree height up to a certain threshold defined by deer sizes (Pépin et al 2006). Götmark et al (2005) also noted that seedlings (\20 cm) were less frequently browsed than saplings (20-130 cm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Young conifer stands form a deer browsing refuge for an oak admixture: silvicultural implications for forest regeneration under herbivore pressure

Borkowski

Dobrowolska

Dąbrowski³

et al. 2017

Eur J Forest Res

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There is little knowledge how ungulate pressure on forest regeneration may be mitigated by silvicultural methods. The knowledge is especially needed for artificially regenerated, deciduous tree species. We studied factors affecting browsing incidence by deer in the Pisz Forest District in Poland, an area where 10,000 ha of forest was damaged by a 2002 hurricane. In 2006, we established three experimental plots (in total, 22.6 ha), in which the main species was Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) admixed with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). The data on browsing were collected in 2008-2015. In general, oak browsing incidence was unrelated to oak planting density. On a plantation scale, it was significantly affected by the pine age. Although in each variant all the oaks were browsed for four consecutive years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012), in 2013 browsing incidence began to decrease. When the pines grew higher and formed a physical barrier, it was harder for deer-roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces)-to move through and locate the oaks. Moreover, within plantations, oak browsing incidence was higher in the patches with shorter pines.Browsing of individual saplings or small groups of saplings was also negatively affected by the height of neighbouring pine saplings. Oak density influenced deer selectivity depending on the tree height. In a low oak tree density, browsing incidence was unrelated to oak height, while in higher tree density, deer selected oaks of the height between 40 and 100 cm. We postulate that deciduous admixture in a coniferous (unattractive) stand can be planted with a few year delay. Older coniferous trees should impede locating of attractive tree species by deer and the browsing incidence.

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Relative impact of browsing by red deer on mixed coniferous and broad-leaved seedlings—An enclosure-based experiment

Cited by 37 publications

References 65 publications

Ungulate browsing causes species loss in deciduous forests independent of community dynamics and silvicultural management in Central and Southeastern Europe

Ungulate browsing causes species loss in deciduous forests independent of community dynamics and silvicultural management in Central and Southeastern Europe

Restoration of woodpasture on former agricultural land: The importance of safe sites and time gaps before grazing for tree seedlings

Young conifer stands form a deer browsing refuge for an oak admixture: silvicultural implications for forest regeneration under herbivore pressure

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