Relative expansion of extracellular water in obese vs. normal children

Battistini, N.; Virgili, Fabio; Severi, S; Brambilla, Paola; Manzoni, P; Beccaria, Luciano; Chiumello, G

doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.79.1.94

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Subjects had fasted for at least eight hours and voided the bladder before receiving orally a precisely weighed solution made up of D 2 O, NaBr and drinkable water. We had previously shown that D 2 O and Br reach the equilibrium in the plasma of obese children between 2.5 and 3.0 h after their administration (Battistini et al, 1992;Battistini et al, 1995b). This time is comparable to that observed in control children.…”

Section: Anthropometrysupporting

confidence: 59%

“…These Authors have convincingly shown that obese women have a reduced body hydration and an expanded ECW:ICW ratio in comparison to control women. More recently, we have shown that similar alterations in body water distribution occur in obese children (Battistini et al, 1995b). These ®ndings suggest that standard methods for the assessment of body composition may require adjustments for use in obese subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Possible explanations and clinical implications of a similarly altered body water distribution in obese children have been discussed in detail elsewhere (Battistini et al, 1995b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prediction of total body water and extracellular water from bioelectric impedance in obese children

et al. 1997

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Objectives: To assess the reliability of bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) for predicting total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) in obese children. Design: Comparison of ®ve prediction models based on: (i) body weight (Wt), (ii) the impedance (Z) index (ZI height 2 /Z), (iii) the association of Wt and ZI, (iv) the body surface area (SA) to impedance ratio (SA:Z) and, (v) the body volume (V) to impedance ratio (V:Z). Subjects: Thirty obese and 25 control children of 11.2 AE 1.8 y of age. Measurements: TBW and ECW were assessed by deuterium and bromide dilution; Z was measured at frequencies of 5, 50 and 100 kHz. Results: In controls, Wt explained 11% more variance of TBW than ZI (r 2 0.977, SEE 0.9 I, CV 3.8%) and the association of Wt and ZI improved the prediction of TBW only slightly (r 2 0.982, SEE 0.8 I, CV 3.5%). The SA:Z and V:Z indexes explained 6 and 33% less variance of TBW respectively as compared to Wt alone. In obese subjects, ZI explained 4% more variance of TBW than Wt (r 2 0.914, SEE 1.8 I, CV 6.4%) and the SA:Z ratio was the most accurate predictor of TBW (r 2 0.959, SEE 1.2 l, CV 4.4%). However, the increase in the explained variance of TBW associated to the use of the SA:Z ratio was of only 1% as compared to the association of ZI and Wt. The V:Z ratio explained 9% less of variance of TBW as compared to ZI. In both control and obese subjects, the association of Wt and ZI offered the best prediction of ECW (r 2 0.807, SEE 1.564 I and r 2 0.826, SEE 1.035 I, respectively). However, the values of CV were much higher in controls than in obese children (17.5% vs 8.4%) owing to their lower ECW and greater variability in ECW%. ZI was the most accurate predictor of TBW on the pooled sample (n 55; r 2 0.910, SEE 1.932 I, CV 7.4%). However, it was a poor predictor of ECW on the same sample owing to its high CV (n 55; r 2 0.866, SEE 1.806 I, CV 17.0%). Conclusions: The body surface area to impedance ratio is the most accurate predictor of TBW in obese children but the association of ZI and Wt may be of more interest when BIA is used to estimate both TBW and ECW. The impedance index offers a good prediction of TBW but not of ECW in children with different levels of fatness.

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Section: Anthropometrysupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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The prediction of total body water and extracellular water from bioelectric impedance in obese children

et al. 1997

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“…It would also draw attention on the effects of treatment (diuretics, etc) on metabolism. In obese patients where a extracellular expansion is demonstrated (Battistini et al, 1995;Waki et al, 1991), metabolic data would be useful to challenge the theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of changes in water compartments on physiology and metabolism

et al. 2003

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There is paramount evidence to suggest the importance of cell volume changes for the regulation of cell function, including protein metabolism. Among many other effects, cell swelling inhibits proteolysis and stimulates protein synthesis. However, most of the data pertinent to this theory relate to in vitro experiments. This paper reviews the evidence about the relevance of cell swelling and changes in water compartments to regulation of metabolism at the whole body level in animals and humans. Protein metabolism is most likely regulated by cellular hydration in health and disease. Cellular hydration appears to bear no effect on energy metabolism. The relationship between cellular hydration and lipolysis deserves to be verified. There appears to be a possible weak effect on glucose metabolism. Further studies are therefore necessary to challenge the cell swelling theory. If confirmed, strategies to modify cellular hydration could be used to improve metabolic orientations especially in the critically ill.

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“…While an assumed constant is a reasonable approximation for normal adult men and women, the assumption may not be valid in other physiological states such as childhood, old age, extreme obesity, or diseased conditions. Obesity in children, e.g., is associated with a highly significant relative expansion of ECW (Battistini et al, 1995) but not TBW. Extremely obese adults tend to have an expanded ECW compartment, causing TBW measurements by isotope dilution to overestimate FFM (Waki et al, 1991;Das et al, 2003).…”

Section: Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotopes in obesity research

Dolnikowski

Marsh

Das

et al. 2004

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Obesity is recognized as a major public health problem. Obesity is a multifactorial disease and is often associated with a wide range of comorbidities including hypertension, non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease, all of which contribute to morbidity and mortality. This review deals with stable isotope mass spectrometric methods and the application of stable isotopes to metabolic studies of obesity. Body composition and total energy expenditure (TEE) can be measured by mass spectrometry using stable isotope labeled water, and the metabolism of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate can be measured using appropriate labeled tracer molecules.

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Relative expansion of extracellular water in obese vs. normal children

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

The prediction of total body water and extracellular water from bioelectric impedance in obese children

The prediction of total body water and extracellular water from bioelectric impedance in obese children

Effects of changes in water compartments on physiology and metabolism

Stable isotopes in obesity research

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