Relative effects of Justicia americana litter on germination, seedlings and established plants of Polygonum lapathifolium

Carter, Mark F.; Grace, James B.

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(86)90082-3

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…high embeddedness) may either smother or reduce the colonisation of mosses (Suren, 1996); this latter mechanism, in addition to light limitation and reduced current velocity, may also inhibit colonisation by Podostemum (Munch, 1993; Connelly, Orth & Smith, 1999). Furthermore, there is some evidence for the inhibition of macrophyte seedling growth by leachates released from decomposing Justicia litter (Carter & Grace, 1986), which would be greatest in high‐density Justicia patches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substratum stability associated with the riverine macrophyte Justicia americana

Fritz

Feminella

2003

Freshwater Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1. Patches of stable substratum in streams may be important refugia for benthic organisms during scouring floods. Streambed stone stability, packing and embeddedness were assessed within and adjacent to beds of the macrophyte Justicia americana in five Alabama streams. 2. The force needed to dislodge stones and embeddedness was about two times lower outside Justicia beds than within them. Significant positive correlations between stone stability and (i) degree of embeddedness, and (ii) the abundance of binding rhizomes and the presence of attached roots indicate that Justicia may physically modify the local streambed, indirectly enhancing substratum stability and reducing flow, thereby increasing sand deposition. 3. Despite higher stability (i.e. physical refugia during bed‐moving spates) within Justicia beds, the abundance of epilithic plants (moss and Podostemum ceratophyllum) and pleurocerid snails (Elimia spp.) was similar both inside and outside the macrophyte beds. Several physical characteristics within macrophyte beds, such as low light, reduced current and increased sand intrusion, may create suboptimal conditions for benthic organisms in these habitats. 4. Additional work is needed to determine if Justicia biogenically enhances substratum stability or if its presence merely reflects patches of stable substratum within the streambed. Regardless of the mechanism, there is an association between Justicia beds and streambed characteristics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substratum stability associated with the riverine macrophyte Justicia americana

Fritz

Feminella

2003

Freshwater Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dense thatch in E. crusgalli plots likely reduced light availability at the soil surface and created a physical barrier to P. arundinacea shoot emergence. It is also possible that decomposing E. crusgalli thatch released allelopathic compounds (Carter & Grace 1986) or reduced nitrogen availability by increasing the soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and stimulating microbial immobilization of available nitrogen (Clark et al 1997).…”

Section: Restoration Ecology September 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test of Two Annual Cover Crops for Controlling Phalaris arundinacea Invasion in Restored Sedge Meadow Wetlands

Perry

Galatowitsch

2003

Restoration Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rapid establishment by aggressive plants such as Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) often interferes with sedge meadow establishment in restored prairie pothole wetlands in the mid‐continental United States. Introducing a cover crop during community establishment might suppress P. arundinacea invasion in restored prairie potholes by reducing resource availability. We evaluated two potential cover crops, Echinochloa crusgalli (barnyardgrass) and Polygonum lapathifolium (nodding smartweed), for suppressing P. arundinacea invasion in an experimental wetland using replacement series competition experiments. Further, we assessed the effects of E. crusgalli and P. lapathifolium on sedge meadow establishment by sowing Carex hystericina, a common wetland sedge, as a third species at a constant density in the replacement experiments. Echinochloa crusgalli, compared with no cover crop, reduced P. arundinacea biomass by more than 1,000 g/m2 (65%) after two growing seasons. Polygonum lapathifolium did not affect P. arundinacea biomass. Dense E. crusgalli canopies in the first year and thick E. crusgalli thatch in the second year substantially reduced light availability for P. arundinacea establishment. Echinochloa crusgalli also reduced C. hystericina biomass by more than 1,800 g/m2 (99%) after two growing seasons. Carex hystericina biomass was similar in plots sown with E. crusgalli to P. arundinacea monocultures. Neither E. crusgalli nor P. lapathifolium is likely to improve sedge meadow restoration success. These trends were not sensitive to initial sowing density or elevation above water level. Without methods to suppress P. arundinacea invasions, sedge meadow restorations may often fail. Thorough site preparation to remove P. arundinacea propagule sources before restoration is essential.

show abstract

“…While the results here do not show unambiguously that the annual had a higher growth rate than the perennials, short-term competitive superiority did belong to the annual. Thus, part of P. lapathifolium's propensity to occupy unstable and recently disturbed lakeshores (Carter and Grace, 1986) may result from a short-term competitive advantage over perennials.…”

Section: Ehydropiperoidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Flooding Tolerance, Life History, and Short‐term Competitive Performance in Three Species of Polygonum

Carter

Grace

1990

American J of Botany

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to compare the growth and short‐term (single season) competitive performance of three species of Polygonum known to differ in flooding tolerance and life history. Polygonum amphibium is a perennial with low sexual reproductive effort and a relatively high degree of flooding tolerance, P. lapathifolium is an annual species with a high sexual reproductive effort and a low tolerance to flooding, and P. hydropiperoides is intermediate to the other two in terms of sexual reproductive effort and flooding tolerance. In order to determine the relative growth and competitive abilities of these species, mixtures and monocultures of plants were grown in pots and maintained under three flooding regimes: 1) flooded, 2) partially drained, and 3) well drained. Both P. hydropiperoides and P. amphibium grew best under flooded and partially drained conditions with reduced growth in the drained treatment. Polygonum lapathifolium, in contrast, grew as well in the drained treatment as in the more flooded treatments. Results from competition experiments were consistent in showing the relative competitive abilities to be P. lapathifolium > P. hydropiperoides > P. amphibium regardless of flooding regime. Thus, short‐term competitive performance was found to trade off with flood tolerance rather than with sexual reproductive effort.

show abstract

Relative effects of Justicia americana litter on germination, seedlings and established plants of Polygonum lapathifolium

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Substratum stability associated with the riverine macrophyte Justicia americana

Substratum stability associated with the riverine macrophyte Justicia americana

A Test of Two Annual Cover Crops for Controlling Phalaris arundinacea Invasion in Restored Sedge Meadow Wetlands

Relationships Between Flooding Tolerance, Life History, and Short‐term Competitive Performance in Three Species of Polygonum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About