Relative Distance Perception Through Expanding and Contracting Motion and the Role of Propiospecific Information in Walking

Ito, Hiroyuki; Matsunaga, Katsuya

doi:10.1207/s15326969eco0202_2

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One is what is called the expansion-contraction pattern and the other is what is called the velocity gradient or motion parallax pattern. The former suggests translation of the observer in depth and the patterns also include a cue for relative distance (Ito & Matsunaga, 1990). The latter suggests translation of the observer in the direction at a right angle to the line of sight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The correlation between velocity on the retina and perceived depth seems to play an important role in this component. When information of self-motion can be used, we can detect the 3-dimensional world more precisely, and the visual systems do not need to assume that the observer's surroundings are stationary (see Ito & Matsunaga, 1990). In whichever direction the observer's eye translates, images of stationary objects change their direction of movement on the retina, synchronized with the translation of the eye.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The correlation between velocity and perceived depth in motion

Ito

Matsunaga

1990

Jpn. Psychol. Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments were performed to confirm the correlation between velocity and perceived depth in seeing 3-dimensional structures in 2-dimensional motion. Experiment I tested Ullman's conveyor belt patterns as simulated by random bright dots moving horizontally on a CRT screen. The result was that 20 subjects all perceived the velocity distribution patterns as depth cues. Experiment 2 tested the effect of velocity upon seeing depth arrangements in CRT simulation of two objects moving independently. The result again showed that the perceived arrangements in depth was strongly correlated with velocity patterns on the display. It is concluded from these results that the human visual system has a strong preference for the correlation between velocity on the retina and perceived depth and this effect is independent of the bias for rigidity.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between velocity and perceived depth in motion

Ito

Matsunaga

1990

Jpn. Psychol. Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A model for the mechanism that detects relative expansion components has been proposed by Regan and Hamstra (1993). In addition, Ito and Matsunaga (1990) have suggested that a plane with higher expansion rate is perceived to be nearer. These researchers seem to suggest that the local expansion component is detected over the entire retina: when the expanding rate is lower at the center than at the peripheral field, a concave (opening) may appear, while on the other hand, when the expanding rate is higher at the center, a convex (obstacle) may appear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since adjacent dots could belong to different depth planes and there was no smooth overal1 velocity distribution, which plane a dot belonged to depended on the global expansion rates of the planes. Ito and Matsunaga (1990) also showed that human observers could detect the relative distance of two simulated walls from expanding motion generated by walking forward. They suggested that differences in expansion rates indicate depth and demonstrate the possibility of perceiving 3-D structure of surfaces from expanding motion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

The perception of an opening from expanding motion

Ito¹

1996

Perception & Psychophysics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of humans to detect an opening's 3-D structure from expanding motion was tested, Computer simulations of dotted tunnels were used to generate optical flows typically encountered when one moves through an opening, Experiment 1 qualitatively tested the ability to detect the shape of a tunnel's vertical section, The observers could choose the correct shape for each of seven simulated shapes, The percentages of correct responses were much higher than those under static conditions, Experiment 2 tested whether or not one could quantitatively detect the vertical-horizontal proportion of the elliptic tunnels. The result shows quite high correlations (r = ,93~.97) between perceived proportions and simulated ones. The slopes of the regression lines were around 1.0. Experiment 3 investigated the necessary stimulus duration for detecting an opening's shape. Relative size (width and height) was significantly detected under four-frame (72.7-msec) conditions by 3 out of 4 subjects. The other subject performed well under eight-frame conditions. These results indicate that the human visual system can instantly detect the 3-D structure of an opening surrounded by objects from expanding optical flows while one is in forward motion.

show abstract

“…The results of the literature comparing the benefits of active to passive perception on varying tasks are mixed: some find benefits for active participation (Foreman et al, 1990;Gale et al, 1990;Gibson, 1962;Held & Hein, 1963, Larish & Andersen, 1995Péruch et al, 1995, Stappers, 1989von Wright, 1957;Williams et al, 1996), others benefits for passive viewing (Arthur, Hancock, & Chrysler, 1997;Satalich, 1995;Williams et al, 1996), while a number of other studies find no advantage for one or the other (Ito & Matsunaga, 1990;Schwartz, Perey, & Azulay, 1975;Walk, Shepherd, & Miller, 1988). The following sections will first describe these results and discuss the advantages and disadvantages for each level of control in terms of how these results may be attributable to the unequal distribution of attention throughout the environment as a function of interactivity.…”

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention and Trust Biases in the Design of Augmented Reality Displays

Yeh¹,

Wickens²

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. ABSTRACTThis experiment seeks to examine the relationship between three advanced technology features (presentation of target cueing -and the reliability of that data, image reality, and interactivity) and the attention and trust provided to that information. In particular, we investigate the nature of two sorts of biases: an attention bias, in which the operator focuses attention to an area highlighted by the automation at the expense of other areas of the visual scene, and a trust bias, in which unwarranted attention is given to the guidance information.Sixteen military personnel searched for targets camouflaged in terrain, presented at two levels of scene detail (manipulated by varying the number of polygons with which the scene was generated and the level of the detail with which the scene was textured) while performing a terrain association task. Half the subjects actively navigated through the terrain; the other half passively viewed the control path of an active navigator. Cueing was presented for some of the targets, and the reliability of this information was manipulated at two levels (100% and 75%). More importantly, there were objects in the environment that were of high priority and uncued, and detection of these targets provided an assessment as to the degree of an operator's reliance on the cueing information. To assess trust in the terrain simulation, subjects were asked to perform terrain association given a hand-held paper map and report any inconsistencies between the visualization and the map.The results showed that the presence of cueing aided the target detection task for expected targets but drew attention away from the presence of unexpected targets in the environment. Cueing benefits and attentional tunneling were both reduced when cueing became less reliable. Unfortunately, despite knowing that the cue was only partially reliable, subjects still trusted the cue more than was warranted as evidenced by an increased false alarm rate, a drop in sensitivity, and a risky criterion shift. The degree of this change in sensitivity was so great that the loss of reliability in the cue eliminated the benefits of cueing.Finally, neither image reality nor interactivity directly influenced trust...

show abstract

Relative Distance Perception Through Expanding and Contracting Motion and the Role of Propiospecific Information in Walking

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

The correlation between velocity and perceived depth in motion

The correlation between velocity and perceived depth in motion

The perception of an opening from expanding motion

Attention and Trust Biases in the Design of Augmented Reality Displays

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About