Relative differences in strength and power from slow to fast isokinetic velocities may reflect dynapenia

Jenkins, Nathaniel D.M.; Housh, Terry J.; Palmer, Ty B.; Cochrane, Kristen C.; Bergstrom, Haley C.; Johnson, Glen O.; Schmidt, Richard J.; Cramer, Joel T.

doi:10.1002/mus.24505

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(130 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been shown that maximal strength is an important variable to be tested for monitoring loss of muscle strength in the elderly [ 8 ]. Previous studies have shown highly reliable test results for knee extension strength measurements using the isokinetic mode [ 9 – 14 ]. In addition to the isokinetic mode, an isokinetic dynamometer can operate in an isometric and an isotonic mode [ 1 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test-retest reliability of knee extensor rate of velocity and power development in older adults using the isotonic mode on a Biodex System 3 dynamometer

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isotonic testing and measures of rapid power production are emerging as functionally relevant test methods for detection of muscle aging. Our objective was to assess reliability of rapid velocity and power measures in older adults using the isotonic mode of an isokinetic dynamometer. Sixty-three participants (aged 65 to 82 years) underwent a test-retest protocol with one week time interval. Isotonic knee extension tests were performed at four different loads: 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of maximal isometric strength. Peak velocity (pV) and power (pP) were determined as the highest values of the velocity and power curve. Rate of velocity (RVD) and power development (RPD) were calculated as the linear slopes of the velocity- and power-time curve. Relative and absolute measures of test-retest reliability were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and Bland-Altman analyses. Overall, reliability was high for pV, pP, RVD and RPD at 0%, 25% and 50% load (ICC: .85 - .98, SEM: 3% - 10%). A trend for increased reliability at lower loads seemed apparent. The tests at 75% load led to range of motion failure and should be avoided. In addition, results demonstrated that caution is advised when interpreting early phase results (first 50ms). To conclude, our results support the use of the isotonic mode of an isokinetic dynamometer for testing rapid power and velocity characteristics in older adults, which is of high clinical relevance given that these muscle characteristics are emerging as the primary outcomes for preventive and rehabilitative interventions in aging research.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test-retest reliability of knee extensor rate of velocity and power development in older adults using the isotonic mode on a Biodex System 3 dynamometer

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…27 With aging, occurs loss of fast-twitch muscle fibers (type II) and consequent reduction of peak torque measured at a velocity of 180°/s. 28 An isokinetic training protocol at an angular velocity of 180°/s increased the peak torque of knee extensors 40% in patients with cardiac disease. 14 In this context, resistance training is an important complement to aerobic exercise to improve muscular strength, tolerance to the efforts, and quality of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Responses to Isokinetic Exercise in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Ribeiro

Bordin

Marini

et al. 2020

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Exercise training using an isokinetic dynamometer is an alternative for improving muscle strength in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Few studies have shown metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal isokinetic exercises in patients in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Objective To describe cardiorespiratory responses at two intensities of isokinetic exercise. Additionally, we compared the cardiorespiratory responses of isokinetic exercise with data from the incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Methods Eight individuals with CAD (61.7 ± 6.6 years) performed the following tests: 1) CPET on a treadmill; 2) Peak torque test (five repetitions) and fatigue resistance test (20 repetitions) of knee flexion-extension at angular speeds of 120°/s and 180°/s; 3) Two sets of 20 repetitions were performed at 30–40% (low-intensity, LI) and 50–60% (moderate-intensity, MI) of peak torque at angular speeds of 120°/s and 180°/s, using an isokinetic dynamometer. During the exercises, the individuals were connected to an expired gases analyzer with simultaneous monitoring of the electrocardiogram trace, heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production, and minute ventilation (VE). The differences (∆) between the peak measurements during exercises and the baseline values were calculated. Results Both LI and MI produced cardiorespiratory responses below the anaerobic threshold (82.8 ± 8.1% of HRmax and 74.4 ± 9.6% of VO2peak) compared to the CPET data ( P < 0.01). MI showed higher ∆ HR (9.8 ± 5.5 vs. 6.3 ± 4.6 bpm; P = 0.01), ∆ rate pressure product (3015 ± 2286 vs. 1957 ± 1932 mmHg·bpm; P = 0.01), and ∆VE (10.2 ± 6.2 vs. 6.9 ± 7 L·min-1; P = 0.03) than LI at the angular velocity of 180°/s. Conclusion These results suggest that this isokinetic exercise protocol may be used as a strategy for cardiac rehabilitation programs in patients with CAD. Level of evidence IV; Case series.

show abstract

“…Previous research posits dynamic torque declines may reflect age-related differences in skeletal muscle quality [ 24 , 25 ]. Supporting previous research, we observed significant declines in dynamic torque decline with age [ 24 , 25 ]. However, the current results extend previous findings since we included a middle-aged group, ultimately showing such deficits arise at older ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, muscle endurance was limited to one contraction velocity (180 deg/s), there was no measure of specific strength, nor was a relatively emerging measure, dynamic torque decline calculated. Dynamic torque decline, the percent torque decline from slow to fast isokinetic contraction velocities, is thought to reflect age-related qualitative changes in skeletal muscle [ 24 , 25 ]. Despite such proposition, to our knowledge, only one previous study has linked poor muscle quality (via echo intensity) to dynamic torque decline [ 24 ], however, no previous research has examined the associations between dynamic torque decline and muscle cross-sectional area or adipose tissue in young middle-aged and older women, presenting an additional gap in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Performance Changes with Age in Active Women

Miller

Freitas

Heishman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in muscle performance in women divided into young (YW, 20–39 years, n = 29) middle-aged (MAW, 40–59 years, n = 33), and older (OW, ≥60 years, n = 40) age groups. Methods: Hand grip strength, vertical jump performance, and knee extensor (KE) strength (0 deg/s, 60 deg/s, and 240 deg/s), speed of movement (SoM; at 1 Nm, 20%, 40%, and 60% isometric strength), and endurance (30-repetition test at 60 degs/s and 240 deg/s) were assessed. Computed tomography-acquired muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) was measured and included to determine specific strength (KE strength/mCSA). Results: Hand grip strength was similar across groups, while jump performance declined with age (YW and MAW > OW, p < 0.001). KE strength declined significantly with age (all conditions p < 0.01), while specific strength was similar across groups. SoM was significantly higher for YW and MAW compared to OW (both p < 0.01). An age × velocity interaction revealed YW KE endurance was similar between conditions, whereas MAW and OW displayed significantly better endurance during the 60 deg/s condition. OW displayed impaired KE endurance at 240 deg/s (vs. YW and MAW, p < 0.01) but improved at 60 deg/s (vs. YW, p < 0.01). Dynamic torque decline increased with age (YW < OW, p = 0.03) and was associated with intramuscular adipose tissue (r = 0.21, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Performance declines were most evident among OW, but few performance deficits had emerged in MAW. Interestingly, strength declines disappeared after normalizing to mCSA and endurance appears to be velocity-dependent.

show abstract

Relative differences in strength and power from slow to fast isokinetic velocities may reflect dynapenia

Abstract: Normalization eliminated absolute differences in isokinetic strength and power, but the relative differences from slow to fast velocities may reflect dynapenia characterized by age-related decreases in fast-twitch fiber function.

Cited by 20 publications

References 81 publications

Test-retest reliability of knee extensor rate of velocity and power development in older adults using the isotonic mode on a Biodex System 3 dynamometer

Test-retest reliability of knee extensor rate of velocity and power development in older adults using the isotonic mode on a Biodex System 3 dynamometer

Cardiorespiratory Responses to Isokinetic Exercise in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Muscle Performance Changes with Age in Active Women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About