Relative Contributions of Disparity and Convergence to Stereoscopic Acuity

Rady, A. A.; Ishak, I. G. H.

doi:10.1364/josa.45.000530

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Depth micropsia, therefore, is a phenomenon associated with eye movement and not simply the resting state of convergence. Size micropsia, on the other hand, occurs in the absence of eye movements (Richards, 1971a). This sugests that different mechanisms underlie the two phenomena.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…is stereoanomalous, as defined by his failure to discriminate among crossed. monocular, and uncrossed disparities in a forced-ehoice test (Richards, 1970). In particular.…”

Section: Depth-disparity Relation Without Eye Movementmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although much attention has been given to the question of whether voluntary eye movements improve stereoacuity (Wrilht, 1951;Rady &;, 1955;~e, 1956) and the weight of evidence seems to indicate that they do not, this in no way rules out the poeaibllity that eye movements may contribute sipificantly to the appreciation of depth for small as well as large diaparities (Palmer,1962). In addition to the eye movements themsel.-, Foley (1967b) baa shown that the avenae conftrl8!lce of the eyes while making a judlment may also modify the relation between depth and disparity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of voluntary eye movement and convergence on the binocular appreciation of depth

Foley

Richards

1972

Perception & Psychophysics

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Scaling techniques were employed to establish the relation between perceived distance ratio and physical distance ratio. Measurements were made both with and without free eye movement and under two states of convergence. The results were confirmed using a matching technique. With free eye movement, the perceived ratio is a monotonic increasing function of the physical ratio. Without eye movement, the perceived ratio generally increases, then decreases, as the physical ratio increases. For a given physical ratio, perceived distance ratio is less in the absence of voluntary eye movements. Convergence produces depth micropsia when eye movements are permitted, but not in their absence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…is stereoanomalous, as defined by his failure to discriminate among crossed. monocular, and uncrossed disparities in a forced-ehoice test (Richards, 1970). In particular.…”

Section: Depth-disparity Relation Without Eye Movementmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of voluntary eye movement and convergence on the binocular appreciation of depth

Foley

Richards

1972

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…In principle, relative disparity can be measured directly from the retinal images, without knowledge of eye position. In practice, however, sensitivity to change in relative disparity declines as the targets are separated from one another within the visual field (Andersen & Weymouth, 1923;Rady, 1955;Wright, 1951), as the magnitude of the relative disparity increases (Lasley, Kivlin, Rich, & Flynn, 1984), or as the targets' common absolute retinal disparity (the "disparity pedestal") increases (Blakemore, 1970;Ogle, 1953). These falloffs in sensitivity can be attributed to inefficiencies in the visual system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is based not on simultaneously available retinal disparities but rather on the change in vergence eye posture across sequential fixations (Brenner & van Damme, 1998;Enright, 1991aEnright, , 1991bEnright, , 1996Frisby, Catherall, Porrill, & Buckley, 1997;Rady, 1955;Taroyan, Buckley, Porrill, & Frisby, 2000;Wright, 1951). Observers prefer to look back and forth between targets when asked to estimate depth intervals between them (Enright, 1991a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of vergence change to the measurement of relative disparity

Backus

Matza-Brown

2003

Journal of Vision

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The relative disparity between two objects in a scene can in principle be measured directly from the retinal images, without knowledge of eye position. But relative disparity increment thresholds are lowest when the relative disparity is small and the objects are not widely separated in the visual field: thus, some relative disparities are easier for the visual system to measure than others. We consider, after others, a second method by which the visual system could measure relative disparity, based on change in vergence ("delta vergence" or DV). The DV mechanism could be more reliable than the retinal mechanism when visual targets are widely separated in visual direction or depth. We used a cue-conflict paradigm to measure the extent to which perceived depth depends on DV. As target separation increased, so did reliance on DV. As intertarget disparity increased, reliance on DV increased for one observer but not for two others.

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Optics and Visual Physiology

Miles¹

1956

AMA Arch Ophthalmol

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Relative Contributions of Disparity and Convergence to Stereoscopic Acuity

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of voluntary eye movement and convergence on the binocular appreciation of depth

Effects of voluntary eye movement and convergence on the binocular appreciation of depth

The contribution of vergence change to the measurement of relative disparity

Optics and Visual Physiology

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