Relative contribution ofArtemiaand mussel as food for cultured middle‐stagePanulirus japonicusphyllosomata as determined by stable nitrogen isotope analysis

Abstract

± 0.4‰. Calculations based on these measurements indicated that 66% of all nitrogen in the bodies of the phyllosomata were derived from Artemia and 34% from mussel gonad, suggesting that Artemia is the more important food item for phyllosomata with a body length of c. 10 mm and at least 99 days of age. Our results indicate that the analysis of stable nitrogen isotope ratios is a useful diagnostic tool to estimate the relative assimilation rates of different food items.Abstract Artemia and mussel gonad represent the main food items in the culture of phyllosomata, including those of the Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus. It remains unclear, however, to what extent phyllosomata consume and assimilate these two food items because it is difficult to estimate their food intake by conventional observation methods. In this study, we used stable nitrogen isotope analysis to estimate the relative assimilation of Artemia and mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) gonad by cultured phyllosomata, based on the assumption that the heavier nitrogen isotope ( 15 N) is enriched in the bodies of phyllosomata during assimilation and metabolic processing of foods, resulting in an increased δ 15 N value. First, subadult and adult Artemia and mussel gonad were sampled monthly to examine the difference in δ 15 N between the two food items. Artemia and mussel gonad had δ 15 N values of -0.2‰ ± 0.6‰ and 9.8‰ ± 0.8‰ (mean ± SD), respectively. Using δ 15 N measurements of phyllosomata 29 days after hatching and cultured on a diet of Artemia, the fractionation value of the phyllosomata was calculated as 2.5‰. Middlestage phyllosomata (99 days old, body length = 9.3 ± 0.5 mm, n = 4) cultured with mixed diets of Artemia and mussel gonad had δ 15 N values of 5.7‰M07110;

Palinurid lobster aquaculture: nutritional progress and considerations for successful larval rearing

“…Stage 1 phyllosoma have been shown to readily consume newly hatched Artemia nauplii and are seemingly able to draw sufficient nutrition to fuel the requirements of basal metabolism and moulting through to subsequent developmental stages. However, the long-term viability of phyllosoma as they progress through later developmental stages is greatly compromised when fed a diet of Artemia alone, an outcome directly attributable to the less than optimal nutritional profiles of commercially available Artemia species, which generally deliver a poor source of essential long-chain fatty acids (Matsuda et al 2009). Ultimately, in consideration that phyllosoma likely have a limited ability to desaturate and elongate shorter-chained omega-3 fatty acids, the provision of preformed n-3 LC-PUFA is necessitated despite an abundance of 18:3n-3 in Artemia nauplii.…”

“…Therefore, lipid loading/enrichment of Artemia is a common practice in marine hatcheries. Generally, Artemia are subjected to a~24-h enrichment period posthatch, thus providing a biologically encapsulated means of providing fortified nutrition to developing larvae (Liddy et al 2003;Ritar et al 2003;Nelson et al 2004;Matsuda et al 2009). As such, numerous commercial preparations are now readily available for Artemia enrichment, effectively permitting the tailoring of fortified phyllosoma nutrition across a host of desirable bioactive nutrients.…”

Assessment of Nutrient Allocation and Metabolic Turnover Rate in Pacific White ShrimpLitopenaeus vannameiCo-Fed Live MacroalgaeUlva clathrataand Inert Feed: Dual Stable Isotope Analysis

“…Mass-balance mixing models can be applied to estimate dietary contributions under the assumption that the isotopic composition of a consuming organism equals the weighted average of the isotopic composition of its diet constituents (Martı´nez del Rio & Wolf 2005). The use of mixing models has been of special assistance to conduct dietary reconstructions in animals living in marine and littoral environments (Riera & Richard 1996, Dang et al 2009, Granek et al 2009), and to develop experimental studies aimed at quantifying nutrient incorporation in farmed marine species (Schroeder 1983, Burford et al 2004, Gamboa-Delgado & Le Vay 2009b, Matsuda et al 2009). The use of preanalyzed dietary components with contrasting isotopic values allows distinguishing and quantifying the contribution of resources after they have been allocated physiologically (Fischer et al 2004, Gamboa-Delgado & Le Vay 2009a.…”

A Global Review of Spiny Lobster Aquaculture

“…This feeding behaviour makes it diffi cult to investigate how much of Artemia and mussel gonad they consume and assimilate. Matsuda et al (2009) tried to estimate the relative assimilation of the two diets by cultured larvae of P. japonicus by using stable nitrogen isotope analysis. Calculations based on the measurements of the ratios of 15 N to 14 N in the bodies of phyllosoma (mean BL = 9.3 mm), Artemia and mussel gonad indicated that 66% of all nitrogen was derived from Artemia and 34% from mussel gonad, suggesting that Artemia is the more important food item at this larval size.…”