Abstract:Maize is one of the main cereals cultivated worldwide and wild poinsettia is among the weeds that cause damage in grain production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative competitive ability of maize hybrids in the presence of a wild poinsettia biotype through experiments in replacement series. In preliminary experiments, it was determined the plant population in which the dry mass becomes constant. For the maize hybrids ‘Agroeste’, ‘Morgan’, ‘Nidera’, and ‘Velox’, as well as the wild poinset… Show more
“…In crops, in general, the density of cultivated plants is usually constant, while the density of weeds varies according to the soil seed bank, and environmental and management conditions that change the level of infestation and competitiveness of species (AGOSTINETTO et al, 2013;WANDSCHEER et al, 2014;FRANDOLOSO et al, 2019;BRANDLER et al, 2021). Thus, in competition studies involving crops and weeds, there is a need to evaluate the density of plants in the competitive process, the influence of variation in the proportion between species living in community, and also the effect that different populations associated or not can cause in morphological plant traits (WANDSCHEER et al, 2014;FRANDOLOSO et al, 2019;GALON et al, 2021a).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This result indicates that the crop shows less damage than the weed from competition, since the weed presented values very far from those expected, that is, the competitor presented a concave line with damage to the growth in EP, DC, AF, and MS in practically all the proportions of plants tested (Figures2, 3, 4, and 5). Likewise,Wandscheer and Rizzardi (2013), when studying the competition between maize and Chloris distichophylla observed that the hypothetical values established for the crop did not change when there was competition with the weed; the crop maintained its relative productivity equivalent to monoculture conditions Galon et al (2021a). when evaluating the relative competitiveness of Euphorbia heterophylla when infesting different maize hybrids, denoted that the competitor also presented values below the hypothetical line (concave lines), indicating that the competition was harmful to the weed.…”
The study of competitive interactions between crops and weeds can be an important tool in integrated weed management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of maize hybrids in the presence of hairy beggarticks, testing different proportions of plants in the associations. For maize hybrids (Dekalb 230 PRO3, Pioneer 30F53 VYH, Brevant 2B433 PW, and Syngenta 505 VIP3) and for hairy beggarticks, the final density was 20 individuals pot-1, which was determined in preliminary experiments. Experiments were carried out on a substitutive series, on different combinations of the species, varying the relative proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100%). The analysis of species competitiveness was performed using diagrams applied to the substitutive experiments and relative competitiveness indices. The maize hybrids showed less loss when reducing the morphological variables of the hairy beggarticks and demonstrated superiority in competitive ability in relation to the weed. Competition occurred between maize hybrids in the presence of hairy beggarticks, being negatively affected, regardless of the proportion of plants, causing reductions in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry mass. An average reduction of 10% and 86% of the MS of maize hybrids and weed was observed, respectively, when comparing the absence of competition with any associated densities, intraspecific competition being more harmful than interspecific. Maize hybrids and hairy beggarticks compete for the same environmental resources, with the crop being more competitive than the competitor.
“…In crops, in general, the density of cultivated plants is usually constant, while the density of weeds varies according to the soil seed bank, and environmental and management conditions that change the level of infestation and competitiveness of species (AGOSTINETTO et al, 2013;WANDSCHEER et al, 2014;FRANDOLOSO et al, 2019;BRANDLER et al, 2021). Thus, in competition studies involving crops and weeds, there is a need to evaluate the density of plants in the competitive process, the influence of variation in the proportion between species living in community, and also the effect that different populations associated or not can cause in morphological plant traits (WANDSCHEER et al, 2014;FRANDOLOSO et al, 2019;GALON et al, 2021a).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This result indicates that the crop shows less damage than the weed from competition, since the weed presented values very far from those expected, that is, the competitor presented a concave line with damage to the growth in EP, DC, AF, and MS in practically all the proportions of plants tested (Figures2, 3, 4, and 5). Likewise,Wandscheer and Rizzardi (2013), when studying the competition between maize and Chloris distichophylla observed that the hypothetical values established for the crop did not change when there was competition with the weed; the crop maintained its relative productivity equivalent to monoculture conditions Galon et al (2021a). when evaluating the relative competitiveness of Euphorbia heterophylla when infesting different maize hybrids, denoted that the competitor also presented values below the hypothetical line (concave lines), indicating that the competition was harmful to the weed.…”
The study of competitive interactions between crops and weeds can be an important tool in integrated weed management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of maize hybrids in the presence of hairy beggarticks, testing different proportions of plants in the associations. For maize hybrids (Dekalb 230 PRO3, Pioneer 30F53 VYH, Brevant 2B433 PW, and Syngenta 505 VIP3) and for hairy beggarticks, the final density was 20 individuals pot-1, which was determined in preliminary experiments. Experiments were carried out on a substitutive series, on different combinations of the species, varying the relative proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100%). The analysis of species competitiveness was performed using diagrams applied to the substitutive experiments and relative competitiveness indices. The maize hybrids showed less loss when reducing the morphological variables of the hairy beggarticks and demonstrated superiority in competitive ability in relation to the weed. Competition occurred between maize hybrids in the presence of hairy beggarticks, being negatively affected, regardless of the proportion of plants, causing reductions in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry mass. An average reduction of 10% and 86% of the MS of maize hybrids and weed was observed, respectively, when comparing the absence of competition with any associated densities, intraspecific competition being more harmful than interspecific. Maize hybrids and hairy beggarticks compete for the same environmental resources, with the crop being more competitive than the competitor.
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