Relative changes in maximal force, EMG, and muscle cross-sectional area after isometric training

Garfinkel, Susan; Cafarelli, E.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199211000-00005

Cited by 128 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] . However, the methods employed in these early studies were not particularly sensitive and higher resolution techniques [eg.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original twitch interpolation technique described by Merton [3] and subsequently employed by many others [1,5,6,7,8,9,12,14,29] involved a single stimulus interpolated over voluntary contractions. Recently it has become common for 2 or more stimuli (50-100 Hz) to be employed [17,18,34,38,51] because the evoked force increments are larger and more readily detected [15,32,43,45,54,55,56,57,58] .…”

Section: The Number Of Interpolated Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most twitch interpolation studies employing healthy adult subjects suggest that voluntary activation does not increase after resistance training [7,8,66,71,95,96,97,98] , although there are exceptions [31,68,99] . Three factors should be borne in mind when interpreting the available evidence.…”

Section: 3 the Influence Of Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Voluntary Muscle Activation with the Twitch Interpolation Technique

2004

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“…1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] . However, the methods employed in these early studies were not particularly sensitive and higher resolution techniques [eg.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Number Of Interpolated Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing Voluntary Muscle Activation with the Twitch Interpolation Technique

2004

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“…When exercising, movements should be of controlled repetition duration with emphasis on producing muscular tension in a good posture rather than lifting a weight in a ballistic manner. Isometric training (static contractions) is a beneficial method of resistance training 34,35 and, as such, time-under-load can be a useful measure of exercise as opposed to repetitions which might promote poor form or explosive movements. Resistance machines appear to have the lowest prevalence and risk of injury although, since there is no evidence to support recommending one resistance type beyond another, bodyweight exercises (e.g.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primum non nocere: A commentary on avoidable injuries and safe resistance training techniques

Fisher¹,

Steele²,

Brzycki³

et al. 2014

Journal of Trainology

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Objectives:Recently attention has been brought to potentially unsafe training methods within the practice of resistance training. Thus purpose of this commentary is to highlight the importance of the moral injunction Primum non nocere, and of weighing risks to rewards of training methods, for those providing resistance training recommendations and practitioners of it as a training approach. Design & Methods: Narrative reviewResults: It appears that many popular resistance training methods that make use of either explosive movements or unstable platforms with heavy external loading may present an increased risk of injury. In addition they may not offer any greater improvements to measures of health and fitness above safer alternatives that utilise more controlled repetition durations and avoid use of unstable platforms. Indeed, as resistance type and load may not be as important for determining strength or hypertrophic adaptations as previously thought, nor does there appear to be much supporting evidence for the transfer of balance skills developed using unstable platforms to other movement skills, the necessity of such unsafe practices appears further questionable. Conclusions: It is recommended that persons wishing to engage in resistance training for the purposes of health and fitness whilst reducing risk of injury should utilise a controlled repetition duration that maintains muscular tension and avoid use of unstable platforms. Indeed, practices involving use of lower external loads, or even the absence of external loads such as bodyweight training or isometric co-contraction, may also be effective and may pose an even lower risk of injury.(Journal of Trainology 2014;3:31-34)

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“…11 However, hypertrophy may not be the only measure of strength gain, as there have been reports of inconsistencies in the relationship between muscle size and strength. 33 Studies also have shown a greater frequency of the D allele among athletes who compete in shorter-distance events. 23,24,34 Myerson and colleagues 23 found a significantly greater frequency of the D allele among Olympic sprinters running 200 m or less.…”

Section: Ace and Strength Performancementioning

confidence: 99%