Relative and absolute reliability of shank and sacral running impact accelerations over a short- and long-term time frame

Burke, Aoife; Dillon, Sarah; O’Connor, Siobhán; Whyte, Enda; Gore, Shane; Moran, Kieran

doi:10.1080/14763141.2022.2086169

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Inertial measurement units (Shimmer3 IMU, Shimmer™, Ireland) containing accelerometers were used to capture the peak (Peak accel ) and rate (Rate accel ) of impact acceleration of the tibia bilaterally, as well as for the sacrum, at a sampling rate of 512 Hz. These two locations were specifically chosen as they have previously been shown to be reliable methods of measuring lower limb impact loading in runners [ 35 ]. All sensors were synchronised with each other and with the motion analysis system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiological Factors of Running-Related Injuries: A 12 Month Prospective “Running Injury Surveillance Centre” (RISC) Study

et al. 2023

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Background Running-related injuries (RRIs) are a prevalent issue for runners, with several factors proposed to be causative. The majority of studies to date are limited by retrospective study design, small sample sizes and seem to focus on individual risk factors in isolation. This study aims to investigate the multifactorial contribution of risk factors to prospective RRIs. Methods Recreational runners (n = 258) participated in the study, where injury history and training practices, impact acceleration, and running kinematics were assessed at a baseline testing session. Prospective injuries were tracked for one year. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was performed in the analysis. Results A total of 51% of runners sustained a prospective injury, with the calf most commonly affected. Univariate analysis found previous history of injury < 1 year ago, training for a marathon, frequent changing of shoes (every 0–3 months), and running technique (non-rearfoot strike pattern, less knee valgus, greater knee rotation) to be significantly associated with injury. The multivariate analysis revealed previous injury, training for a marathon, less knee valgus, and greater thorax drop to the contralateral side to be risk factors for injury. Conclusion This study found several factors to be potentially causative of injury. With the omission of previous injury history, the risk factors (footwear, marathon training and running kinematics) identified in this study may be easily modifiable, and therefore could inform injury prevention strategies. This is the first study to find foot strike pattern and trunk kinematics to relate to prospective injury.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiological Factors of Running-Related Injuries: A 12 Month Prospective “Running Injury Surveillance Centre” (RISC) Study

et al. 2023

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“…Peak acceleration (peak accel ) and rate of acceleration (rate accel ) were measured using three inertial measurement units, with two attached to the shank and one to the lower back (IMUs) (Shimmer3 IMU unit, Shimmer, Dublin Ireland). IMUs have previously been found to show high to excellent reliability over long and short term periods [ 8 ] and are a surrogate measure of loading [ 7 , 22 ]. IMUs (dimensions: 65 mm x 32 mm x 12 mm, weight: 31 gm, acceleration range: ± 16 g) were attached tightly bilaterally to each shank, 5 cm proximal to the medial malleolus, using Hypafix tape, and aligned with the long-axis of the shank.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Segmental measurement would be more appropriate because injuries are site-specific and because loading distribution throughout the body and across runners are not homogenous. Impact accelerometers, which indirectly assess segmental loading [ 7 ], are low-cost and easy to use, making them potentially more appropriate to a clinic-based setting and have shown good reliability across timepoints [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running towards injury? A prospective investigation of factors associated with running injuries

Dillon,

Burke,

Whyte

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Given the high incidence and heavy burden of running related injuries, large-scale, prospective multifactorial investigations examining potential risk factors are warranted. This study aimed to identify factors associated with running related injuries and to evaluate their potential in injury screening. Study design Prospective cohort study. Materials and methods Two hundred and seventy-four recreational runners were recruited. Clinical measures (strength, range of motion, foot position), injury and training history (via questionnaire), impact loading (via accelerometery) and running technique measures were collected at baseline. Runners were tracked for injury for one year via fortnightly check-ins. A binary logistic regression, (injury versus no injury), was performed for each variable univariably, and then adjusting for age, sex and mileage. A multivariable regression was also performed to evaluate the model’s discriminative ability. Results Of the 225 runners included in the final analysis 52% experienced a running related injury. Injury history in the past year, less navicular drop, and measures of running technique (knee, hip, and pelvis kinematics) were associated with increased odds of injury (p < .05). The multivariable logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2(11) = 56.45, p < .001, correctly classifying 74% of cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 76%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (CI95% = 0.73–0.85), demonstrating acceptable discriminative ability. Conclusions This study found a number of clinical and running technique factors to be associated with prospective running related injuries among recreational runners. With the exception of injury history, the factors identified as being significantly associated with injury may be modifiable and therefore, could form the basis of interventions. Range of motion, spatiotemporal parameters and strength measures were not associated with injury and thus their utilisation in injury prevention practices should be reconsidered.

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“…Absolute reliability assesses the level of measurement deviation across repeated measurements. The absolute reliability was assessed using the SEM and the MDC (36)(37)(38) .…”

Section: Absolute Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Assessment of Sensory Outcome Measure a New Developed Tool for Children with Cerebral Palsy

Singh¹,

Esht²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2023

IJST

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Objective: To investigate the reliability of a recently developed Tool, designed for Hypoxic Cerebral Palsy Children (HCPC) to assess sensory deficits. Method: Internal consistency and all three types of reliability (intra-rater, test-retest, and inter-rater) were investigated. Twenty caregivers of HCPC were addressed. Principal rater took two readings for the intra-rater with a brief break, then another reading for test-retest after a seven-day interval. In the meantime, the observer took the readings for inter-rater reliability testing. The relative and absolute dependability of all three types of responses were evaluated after the recording. Findings : Spearman rank correlation and intraclass correlation values ranged from (0.934 to 1), demonstrating a very strong correlation. While the internal consistency was higher than desired, as indicated by Cronbach's alpha values, which ranged from (0.966 to 1). Cohen's kappa coefficient values for inter-rater reliability range from (0.048 to 0.188), and exhibited a small amount of agreement between the two observers. Standard Error of Measurement ranges from (1.026 to 3.810) and indicated credible results. All participant discrepancies on reliability testing were greater than the Minimal Detectable Change, indicating actual differences. Novelty: The uniqueness of this study lies not only in the selection of a recently developed tool for the assessment of sensory issues in HCPC, but also in its extensive analysis of all three types of reliability with both measures along with the assessment of internal consistency . It will be very helpful to researchers who want to create a new instrument or assess the precision of an existing outcome measure. It is the only study that offers a comprehensive analysis of each dependability approach together with the necessary statistical analysis. The Sensory Outcome Measure for Hypoxic Cerebral Palsy children is a reliable tool that has been developed for sensory testing in HCPC.

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Relative and absolute reliability of shank and sacral running impact accelerations over a short- and long-term time frame

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Aetiological Factors of Running-Related Injuries: A 12 Month Prospective “Running Injury Surveillance Centre” (RISC) Study

Aetiological Factors of Running-Related Injuries: A 12 Month Prospective “Running Injury Surveillance Centre” (RISC) Study

Running towards injury? A prospective investigation of factors associated with running injuries

Reliability Assessment of Sensory Outcome Measure a New Developed Tool for Children with Cerebral Palsy

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