Relative Age Effect and Constituent Year Effect: An Analysis of  the International Tennis Federation Ranking

Moreira, João Paulo Abreu; Lopes, Mariana Calábria; Faria, Larissa Oliveira; Albuquerque, Maicon Rodrigues

doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v28i1.2814

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The present findings were not surprising, and they fall in line with predictions based on previous findings on the CYE and the RAE [24,37]. This was, however, not the scope of the current paper, other than laying the ground for our second predictions and acting as a check that our data are valid for further exploration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For the CYE, however, when the (relative) age effect works over a longer time span (five years), there would be no such overall advantage of the season, and thus the "winter-effect" would be eliminated. Another possible explanation was put forward by Moreira [37], who argued that relatively younger athletes may have a poorer motivational orientation since they are competing against more established skiers and hence have a lower expectation of success in relation to their peers.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in the constituent year effect in Junior World Championships in alpine skiing: A window into relative development effects?

2020

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While research on the effects of 'birth month' is usually referred to as relative age effects, the study of the effects of 'birth year' is described as the constituent year effect (CYE). In the present study we examined the impact of the CYE on participation in the Junior World Championship in alpine skiing. Based on previous research, we expected to find increasing numbers of participants the older the age-group, and that the CYE would be stronger in the speed events compared to the technical ones. The sample in the present study consisted of 1188 male skiers and 859 female skiers within the age range of 17 to 21 years at the time of competition. The results show that the number of male participants increased with increasing age, which can be described as a CYE. For female skiers, a CYE was found, but it dissipated two years earlier than for male skiers. The CYE varied with event and was more pronounced the higher the speed of the event. The findings thus suggest that a constituent year effect exists among skiers participating in the FIS Junior World Ski Championship in the alpine skiing championships, and that the effect varies with gender and event, rather unrelated to age. Thus, it seems that the effect may not be a relative age effect, but instead a relative development effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the constituent year effect in Junior World Championships in alpine skiing: A window into relative development effects?

2020

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“…Uma outra possível explicação que tem sido apontada na literatura a respeito do menor ou nenhum efeito da idade relativa encontrada em grupos femininos de atletas perpassa questões sociológicas 28 . As meninas que se desenvolvem prematuramente em relação a seus pares podem sofrer um processo de pressão e inibição social 27 , uma vez que culturalmente o corpo feminino entendido como ideal é oposto àquele considerado ideal para os esportes 35 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…28 . Uma possível explicação é de que as diferenças maturacionais nesse tipo de esporte influenciam a seleção de atletas nas categorias mais jovens, podendo excluir prematuramente talentos cuja maturação deu-se mais tardiamente que em jogadores nascidos nos quartis anteriores 24 .…”

Section: Figura 1 Distribuição Dos Quartis De Nascimento Dos Atletasunclassified

O Efeito Da Idade Relativa No Voleibol Brasileiro De Elite

Parma¹,

Penna²

2018

J Phys Educ

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RESUMOO efeito da idade relativa (EIR) refere-se à vantagem de atletas nascidos nos primeiros meses do período de seleção em relação a seus pares nascidos em meses posteriores no processo de seleção esportivo, que tende a favorecer atletas que encontram-se em estágio maturacional ou de desenvolvimento físico mais avançados que o de seus colegas mais jovens nascidos no mesmo ano. Esse favorecimento ocorre principalmente em esportes cuja característica física é determinante para se obter sucesso, como o voleibol, acarretando na exclusão ou abandono prematuro da modalidade por parte de talentos em potencial. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a presença do EIR no voleibol brasileiro de elite feminino e masculino, pela análise da distribuição do número de atletas rankeados para as Superligas masculina e feminina nascidos em cada trimestres do ano. Os resultados indicaram não haver EIR no voleibol feminino brasileiro de elite, enquanto no masculino há uma maior representação de atletas nascidos no primeiro trimestre em comparação àqueles nascidos nos 3º e 4º trimestres. Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de se entender melhor as causas e consequências do EIR no voleibol masculino brasileiro, afim de evitar a exclusão ou abandono precoce do esporte de possíveis talentos, permitindo um maior desenvolvimento da modalidade no país. Palavras-chave: Grupos etários. Voleibol. Desempenho Atlético. ABSTRACTThe relative age effect (RAE) refers to the advantage of the athletes born on the first months of the selection year compared to their pairs born in later months in the sports selection process, which tends to favor athletes who are in a more developed maturational stage or more advanced physical development compared to the ones born later in the same year. This advantage occurs mainly in sports in which the physical characteristics are determinants to obtain success, like the volleyball, leading to the premature exclusion or abandonment of the modality from potential talents. This study aims to evaluate the RAE presence in male and female Brazilian elite volleyball, by analyzing the number of athletes ranked to the male and female main national leagues who were born in each trimester of the year. The results showed no RAE in females, while on males there is a higher representation of athletes born in the first trimester compared to the ones born in 3rd e 4th trimester. These results point to a need to better understand the causes and consequences of RAE in brazillian male volleyball, in order to avoid premature exclusion or abandonment of potential talents, allowing an even better development of this sport in Brazil. Keywords: Age Groups. Volleyball. Athletic Performance. IntroduçãoO voleibol é um esporte com demandas intermitentes e utilização predominante de vias anaeróbicas aláticas nos momentos decisivos da partida, uma vez que intercala ações explosivas de alta intensidade com momentos pouco intensos¹. Essas ações expressam-se, principalmente, por movimentos de saltos, bloqueio e ataque, que exigem grande potên...

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“…Ulbricht, Fernandez-Fernandez, Mendez-Villanueva, and Ferrauti, (2015) found in German male junior tennis players that, with increasing level of performance, also the number of players born in the first semester (S1) had grown. observed significant RAE both in male and female junior players (U14, World Junior Tennis Finals 2007-2011), similarly to Moreira, Lopes, Faria, & Albuquerque (2017) in junior male tennis players (U14). Romann, Rössler, Javet, and Faude (2018) also found in Swiss talent development programme participants (U14, STDP, 25 largest sports) that more of them -both among female and among male junior tennis players -were born in S1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The Relative Age Effect in Czech U14 Male and Female Tennis Players in 2007–2016

Koloničný

2021

StS

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The issue of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been long researched, discussed and published both in the academic and coaching community and the number of studies on it in various sports has significantly grown in recent years. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of RAE among Czech male (n = 6552) and female (n = 4131) junior tennis players and to identify possible differences in birthdate effect between male and female players. The research was carried out in players registered in the years 2007–2016 in the U14 age category in Czech Tennis Association (CTA) database; the athletes were divided into three subgroups (‘Ranked’, ‘Top 100’, ‘Top 10’). Research data were analysed by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics: relative and absolute frequency, chi-square goodness of fit test () and chi-square test of independence () with the use of effect size (ES index w). A declining tendency of frequencies from Q1 to Q4 between male and female junior players was proven in all three subgroups.In the whole period of 2007–2016, a significant and strong RAE was demonstrated only in the ‘Top 10’ male subgroup (RAE was significant and ES was small or trivial in the other two subgroups). Among the female players, RAE was significant in all three subgroups (ES was small or trivial). Gender differences in RAE in favour of male players were significant in ‘Top 100’ and ‘Ranked’ (ES was small or trivial in all three subgroups). In the short and long term, RAE can have significant implications for the sport development of athletes; both coaches and the professional public can therefore be recommended to pay attention to this issue. The impact of RAE in sport, i.e. the uneven distribution of athletes’ birthdates, is more pronounced especially among junior athletes and often significantly affects their sports development and career.

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Relative Age Effect and Constituent Year Effect: An Analysis of the International Tennis Federation Ranking

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Variations in the constituent year effect in Junior World Championships in alpine skiing: A window into relative development effects?

Variations in the constituent year effect in Junior World Championships in alpine skiing: A window into relative development effects?

O Efeito Da Idade Relativa No Voleibol Brasileiro De Elite

The Relative Age Effect in Czech U14 Male and Female Tennis Players in 2007–2016

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