Relative Abundance of Nickel in the Leaf Epidermis of Eight Hyperaccumulators: Evidence that the Metal is Excluded from both Guard Cells and Trichomes

Psaras, George K.; Constantinidis, Theophanis; Cotsopoulos, B.; Manetas, Yiannis

doi:10.1006/anbo.2000.1161

Cited by 94 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3). This finding is supported by the absence of metal accumulation in the guard cells of Thlaspi and Alyssum species (Psaras et al 2000;Küpper et al 2001), and also by the absence of effects of Zn treatment on transpiration rates of T. caerulescens growing in soil culture (Whiting 1998). Hence, high concentrations of metals in the epidermis appear not to perturb transpiration in hyperaccumulators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the hyperaccumulator species examined to date, the metals are not evenly distributed within the leaf and tend to be accumulated within the epidermis rather than the mesophyll (e.g. Küp-per, Zhao & McGrath 1999;Frey et al 2000;Psaras et al 2000;Krämer et al 2000;Küpper et al 2001). The volume of sap extracted from the larger mesophyll cells would probably have diluted the higher metal concentrations in the smaller volume of Ni-or Zn-rich sap from the epidermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel and zinc hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) do not enhance survival and whole‐plant growth under drought stress

Whiting

Neumann

Baker

2003

Plant Cell & Environment

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Nickel and Zn hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale andThlaspi caerulescens bear substantial energetic costs and should confer benefits to the plant. This research determined whether metal hyperaccumulation can increase osmotic adjustment and resistance to water stress (drought). Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens treated with low or high concentrations of Ni or Zn were exposed to moderate ( ----0·4 MPa) and severe ( ----1·0 MPa) water stresses using aqueous polyethylene glycol. In the absence of metals both water deficits inhibited shoot growth. Nickel and Zn hyperaccumulation did not ameliorate growth inhibition by either level of water stress. The water stress did not induce major changes in shoot metal concentrations of these constitutive hyperaccumulators. Moreover, metal hyperaccumulation had minimal effects on the osmolality of leaf-sap extracts, relative water content of the shoots, or rate of evapotranspiration. It is concluded that Ni or Zn hyperaccumulation does not augment wholeplant capacity for drought resistance in A. murale and T. caerulescens .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel and zinc hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) do not enhance survival and whole‐plant growth under drought stress

Whiting

Neumann

Baker

2003

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Zn is essential for several enzymes (e.g., metalloproteinase, carbonic anhydrase, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase) [1,2,13,[26][27][28][29][30]. Ni is known for its involvement in urease activity [1,2,13,14,[31][32][33][34]. Mo (present in the soil solution as molybdate anion) is part of the molybdenum cofactor, which is required for nitrate reductase or xanthine dehydrogenase activity [1,2,13,14,[35][36][37].…”

Section: Heavy Metals: Micronutrients or Pollutants?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Crop Plants: Transport and Redistribution Processes on the Whole Plant Level

2015

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Abstract:Copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and molybdenum are essential micronutrients for plants. However, when present in excess they may damage the plant or decrease the quality of harvested plant products. Some other heavy metals such as cadmium, lead or mercury are not needed by plants and represent pollutants. The uptake into the roots, the loading into the xylem, the acropetal transport to the shoot with the transpiration stream and the further redistribution in the phloem are crucial for the distribution in aerial plant parts. This review is focused on long-distance transport of heavy metals via xylem and phloem and on interactions between the two transport systems. Phloem transport is the basis for the redistribution within the shoot and for the accumulation in fruits and seeds. Solutes may be transferred from the xylem to the phloem (e.g., in the small bundles in stems of cereals, in minor leaf veins). Nickel is highly phloem-mobile and directed to expanding plant parts. Zinc and to a lesser degree also cadmium are also mobile in the phloem and accumulate in meristems (root tips, shoot apex, axillary buds). Iron and manganese are characterized by poor phloem mobility and are retained in older leaves.

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“…McNear et al (2005) remarked that metal accumulation in the trichome structure of Alyssum murale shows the functional role of trichomes in metal storage and detoxification although they are nonglandular. Psaras et al (2000) proved the exclusion of nickel from guard cells of hyperaccumulator Alyssum species, and this led to the conclusion that the metal interferes with the normal stomatal function. However, to avoid the harmful effects of the metal, it is inactivated by the specific functions of the guard cells through the action of malate while migrating between the cytoplasm and the vacuole of the guard cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Localization and distribution of nickel and other elements in in-vitro grown Alyssum corsicum exhibiting morphological changes in trichomes: initial insights into molecular mechanisms of nickel hyperaccumulation

Aydaş¹,

Açık²,

LeDuc³

et al. 2013

Turk J Bot

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IntroductionAlthough heavy metals are toxic at high concentrations because of the damage they cause to plant metabolism, some metal-tolerant plants accumulate heavy metals within their aboveground tissues at high concentrations without any symptoms (Psaras et al., 2000;Pilon-Smits, 2005). Nickel hyperaccumulator plants are the largest group of metal hyperaccumulator plants with over 400 taxa, and the genus Alyssum L. (Brassicaceae) is the representative of this group with more than 50 nickelhyperaccumulating species (Broadhurst et al., 2009). The accumulated Ni concentration reaches nearly 3% of the leaf dry biomass in many Alyssum species (Krämer et al., 1996;Altınözlü et al., 2012).Serpentine soils are rich in heavy metals including nickel, cobalt, and chromium and are low in nutrients because they are derived from ultramafic rocks; therefore, a unique flora spreads out on such soil types (Prasad, 2005).Turkey is one of the major centers of hyperaccumulator plants as over half of the Alyssum species and over half of the hyperaccumulators are found in Turkey (Reeves and Adıgüzel, 2008). Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. and A. corsicum Duby are endemic to serpentine soils throughout Mediterranean Europe and are the species most often subjected to phytoremediation and phytomining studies because of their ability to grow in different types of soils (Brooks et al., 2000;Broadhurst et al., 2004). Plants hyperaccumulating heavy metals draw attention with the complex mechanisms they use to avoid the toxicity of heavy metals and where they accumulate such levels of heavy metals within the plant. Plants have a regulated system that consists of metal transport, chelation, transfer, and sequestration activities, all of which contribute to the uptake, distribution, and detoxification of metal ions (Clemens, 2001).

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Relative Abundance of Nickel in the Leaf Epidermis of Eight Hyperaccumulators: Evidence that the Metal is Excluded from both Guard Cells and Trichomes

Cited by 94 publications

References 18 publications

Nickel and zinc hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) do not enhance survival and whole‐plant growth under drought stress

Nickel and zinc hyperaccumulation by Alyssum murale and Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae) do not enhance survival and whole‐plant growth under drought stress

Heavy Metals in Crop Plants: Transport and Redistribution Processes on the Whole Plant Level

Localization and distribution of nickel and other elements in in-vitro grown Alyssum corsicum exhibiting morphological changes in trichomes: initial insights into molecular mechanisms of nickel hyperaccumulation

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