Relationships of Total Lymphocyte Count and Subpopulation Lymphocyte Counts with the Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis/Peritoneal Dialysis

Abstract

Objectives: Dialysis patients' nutritional indicators are quite subjective and complex and cannot be easily measured in clinical settings. Based on previous reports that total lymphocyte count (TLC) and subpopulation lymphocyte counts (SLCs) are associated with nutritional status in patients with dialysis, we designed this study to examine the relationships of the TLC and SLCs with clinical outcome and nutritional status in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: In this prospective, observational study, we enrolled 66 patients (50 HD patients and 16 PD patients) receiving stable maintenance dialysis. We evaluated the baseline parameters of height; weight; TLC; SLCs expressing CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19; CBC; iron profile (iron, TIBC, ferritin); BUN; Cr; Na; K; total CO2; Ca; P; iPTH; protein; albumin; total cholesterol; HDL; LDL; uric acid and CRP and calculated Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (OPNI) and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) at baseline and three months. To analyze differences in the TLC and SLCs between the HD group and the PD group, we performed an independent samples t-test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict malnutrition in dialysis patients. In addition, to analyze changes in TLC, SLCs expressing each marker (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19) and other nutritional markers, we performed general linear model (GLM)-repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Mean age was 55.8 ± 12.7 years in HD paitents and 49.8 ± 14.5 years in PD patients. The duration of dialysis was 59.7 ± 52.9 months in HD patients and 66.1 ± 33.6 years in PD patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients aged 60 years or older, women, and those whose CD19 SLCs were lower than 100 had a higher risk of developing malnutrition. In GLM-repeated measures ANOVA, CD19 SLCs were significantly higher in women and in patients with a shorter period of dialysis. Conclusions: Our results indicate that GNRI, OPNI, TLC and SLCs (especially CD19 count) may be significant nutritional markers in HD and PD patients.

Inter-correlations Among Clinical, Metabolic, and Biochemical Parameters and Their Predictive Value in Healthy and Overtrained Male Athletes: The EROS-CORRELATIONS Study

“…However, little data has been identified in the literature, specifically for these correlations (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69), since immune function and hydration has been more assessed in athletes, in response to exercises (67)(68)(69). Specific absolute and lymphocytes subpopulation counting have been assessed in athletes and in patients at high cardiovascular risk, with indirect but inconsistent correlations between lymphocytes and hydration status (70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio has been proposed as an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk, acute pancreatitis and sarcopenia (76)(77)(78)(79)(80), with some speculations that higher ratio could indicate better hydration status, similarly to the direct linear correlation that we found.…”