Relationships of Natural Enemies and Non-Prey Foods

Lundgren, Jonathan G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9235-0

Cited by 297 publications

(342 citation statements)

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“…Other studies have found that imidacloprid and thiamethoxam systemic insecticides can harm beneficial predators in other study systems by reducing survival, decreasing development rates, and reducing fecundity (Smith and Krischik 1999;Stapel et al 2000;Al-Deeb et al 2001;Krischik et al 2007;Rogers et al 2007;Lundgren 2009). Given that background prey populations were largely equivalent among the treatments (see above), we suspect that the systemic insecticides were having direct toxic effects on the predators, either through contact or through facultative omnivory on the soybean plants themselves (Lundgren 2009). Chrysoperla and Nabis (as well as many other generalist predators) are both strongly omnivorous (Stoner 1972;Canard 2001), and the laboratory assay with O. insidiosus suggests that a major mechanism for why predators were reduced in the thiamethoxam-treated soybeans is that they were feeding on soybean that contained insecticide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of neonicitinoid seed treatments on soybean aphid and its natural enemies

2011

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Insecticidal seed treatments are increasingly being applied to soybeans in North America, and several recent studies question what they add to current pest management. Here, we examine the effects of two neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments on insect populations (pest and natural enemies) in SD soybeans over 2 years. Moreover, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the duration that seed treatments remained effective against the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines, Hemiptera: Aphididae) and how thiamethoxam affected survival of one of the aphid's predators, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on soybean. Soybean aphids, thrips, and grasshopper populations were unaffected by the insecticidal seed treatments in the field. The laboratory trial revealed that all bioactivity of the seed treatments against soybean aphids was gone within 46 days after planting, prior to aphid populations damaging the crop. Bean leaf beetles, a sporadic pest in our area, were reduced by the seed treatments. But, there were no yield benefits of insecticidal seed treatments over the 2 years of the study at this location. Natural enemy communities were significantly reduced by thiamethoxam seed treatments relative to the untreated control, particularly populations of Nabis americoferus (Hemiptera: Nabidae). Chrysoperla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) adults were reduced in the imidaclopridtreated plots. In the laboratory, rearing O. insidiosus on soybean plants treated with thiamethoxam resulted in higher mortality for both the nymphs and the adult stage. Offering the predator insect prey on the thiamethoxam-treated plants improved survival of the adult stage, but not the nymphal stage. This work confirms that insecticidal seed treatments offer little benefit to soybean producers of the Northern Great Plains and adds to the discussion by suggesting that generalist predators are adversely affected by the insecticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of neonicitinoid seed treatments on soybean aphid and its natural enemies

2011

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“…This desiccating rate is one of the key-factors explaining the high variability of seed removal rates by ants (Delatte and Chabrerie 2008; other factors reviewed by Lundgren 2009). Furthermore, environmental conditions such as sun exposure or air humidity are major factors that change the desiccation rates of plant diaspores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seed desiccation limits removal by ants

Servigne

Detrain

2009

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Ants collect and disperse seeds that bear an attractive nutritive body called the elaiosome. In mesic habitats, many myrmecochorous plant species have elaiosomes that are usually soft and desiccation-sensitive. The aim of this study was to link the desiccation rate of two species of seeds (Chelidonium majus and Viola odorata) to the seed-removing behaviour of the ant Myrmica rubra. In laboratory experiments seeds of both species lost one-third of their weight in 24 h. Concurrently, seed removal rates decreased sharply (92%) for Viola odorata over 24 h and slowly for Chelidonium majus, which retained one-third of its attractiveness after one month of desiccation. Seeds recovered their initial weight almost entirely after being soaked in water for 18 h. This rehydration partially (Viola odorata) or totally (Chelidonium majus) restored the attractiveness of the seeds. In this paper, we show that the window of seed attractiveness during which ant-plant interactions occur is desiccationdependent and plant-specific.

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“…However, their survival was significantly affected; after only 3 days almost 56% were dead and after 15 days the mortality of all individuals reached 78%. Structural polysaccharides found in fungi such as cellulose and lignin are not digestible for many insects and predatory insects lack digestive adaptations which would enable them to exploit the maximum nutrition from fungi (Lundgren 2009b). From our results, it thus seems that feeding on powdery mildew alone can have a lethal effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The phytopathogen powdery mildew affects food-searching behavior and survival of Coccinella septempunctata

Radonjić

Terenius

Ninkovic

2018

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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The diet of entomophagous coccinellids is mainly based on aphids and other food sources such as pollen, nectar, or fungal spores. Knowledge of their foraging behavior on plants infected by powdery mildew and their survival on fungal spores is currently limited. In this study, we investigated the olfactory response of Coccinella septempunctata to odor emission of barley plants infected by powdery mildew and their survival on fungal spores in the presence or absence of aphids. Odors released by powdery-mildew infected plants were more attractive for ladybirds compared to those of uninfected controls. After 3 days, the survival rate of ladybirds feeding only on powdery-mildew spores was less than 50%, while for ladybirds feeding exclusively on Rhopalosiphum padi aphids, the survival rate was close to 90%. After 15 days, the highest survival rate (almost 80%) was observed for ladybirds feeding on plants with both aphids and powdery mildew. Molecular analyses confirmed the presence of fungal spores in ladybird guts when feeding either on powdery mildew or on a mixed diet. Our results provide new insights into foraging behavior of entomophagous coccinellids revealing the potential of powdery mildew to be utilized as important non-essential food in a mixed diet, but also its lethal effect if consumed alone.

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Relationships of Natural Enemies and Non-Prey Foods

Cited by 297 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of neonicitinoid seed treatments on soybean aphid and its natural enemies

Effects of neonicitinoid seed treatments on soybean aphid and its natural enemies

Seed desiccation limits removal by ants

The phytopathogen powdery mildew affects food-searching behavior and survival of Coccinella septempunctata

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