Relationships of coping styles and psychological distress among patients with insomnia disorder

Abstract

Background Insomnia appears to be one of the most frequent sleep complaints in the general population. It has significant negative impact on daily functioning. However, there has been little research that described the effect of coping style in insomnia disorder. Methods The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) was used to evaluate 79 adult patients with insomnia disorder alongside 80 healthy controls. Additionally, sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R) was utilized to determine the status of depression, anxiety and other psychological symptoms. Results Positive coping style score was significantly lower, whereas negative coping style score and nine symptomatic dimensions of SCL-90R were significantly higher in insomnia patients than in controls. Positive coping style score was adversely related to PSQI score, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety and phobic anxiety, whereas negative coping style score was positively related to PSQI score, somatization and interpersonal sensitivity. Further multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that PSQI total score was independently and positively correlated with negative coping style score. Conclusions Insomniacs use more negative coping styles and less positive ones. Positive coping is adversely associated with insomnia symptoms and psychological distress, whereas negative coping is positively related to those symptoms. And negative coping has a negative effect on sleep quality. we should attach importance to coping styles of insomniacs in clinical practice, which may help to develop more targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

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“…Specifically, active coping was adversely associated with poor sleep quality, whereas negative coping was positively related to it. Similar results were also found in previous studies [ 17 , 33 ]. The underlying mechanism might be that passive coping leads to the decline of mood states and further the sleep disorders [ 34 ].…”

“…Previous studies have shown that personal factors (e.g., age, gender, marital status and lifestyle), environmental conditions, psychological diseases and other factors can influence individuals' sleep quality [15,16]. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that coping style might be an independent and important predictor of sleep quality [17][18][19][20]. Coping refers to stable cognitive and behavioral strategies adopted by individuals in response to external and internal challenges or stressors, which can be divided into two styles: active coping and passive coping [21].…”

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“…Contrastingly, negative coping reflected the level of negative coping styles, e.g. drinking/smoking to forget about problems or relying on others to solve these problems [ 19 ]. The scale adopted a 4-point Likert scoring system.…”

Assessment of impact of stress on objectively and subjectively measured sleep quality in the working population

“…Umiejętność ta wiązała się z lepszym snem, rzadszym występowanie senności dziennej oraz -co wydaje się najistotniejszelepszym funkcjonowaniem w ciągu dnia. Zauważono również, że osobom cierpiącym na bezsenność częściej zdarza się stosowanie niepożądanych metod radzenia sobie ze stresem; jako jedna z metod leczenia zalecana jest nauka prawidłowych wzorców i zastąpienie nimi złych nawyków [30,31]. W niniejszym badaniu oceniono jedynie "naturalne" zdolności radzenia sobie ze stresem.…”