Relationships of Coliform Organisms

Stuart, Charles Alexander; Griffin, A. M.; Baker, Muriel

doi:10.1128/jb.36.4.391-410.1938

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This evidence supports the concept that ERC Endo medium and BGF medium are qualitatively and quantitatively equivalent in producing sheen colonies for a wide variety of IMViC types. These results essentially agree with those reported by other investigators (3,4,6,7) in the relative frequencies of the various IMViC types and in the number of IMViC categories represented (Table 5). In practically all instances, discrepancies in the frequency percentages are attributable to differences in the bacterial flora of the culture sources.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Type Differentiation of Coliform Organisms With Membrane Filter Technique

Jeter¹,

Geldreich²,

Clark³

1954

Journal AWWA

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Type Differentiation of Coliform Organisms With Membrane Filter Technique

Jeter¹,

Geldreich²,

Clark³

1954

Journal AWWA

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“…Single instances have been observed of types 3, 5, and 6 shifting to types 9, 11, and 12 respectively under similar conditions. This type of variability is different from that previously described (Stuart, Griffin, and Baker 1938) where irregular cultures became methylred negative at room temperature or if the period of incubation before testing was prolonged.…”

Section: Variability Of Coliform Organisms Groupcontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…The use of indole production as a criterion will, then, satisfy the requirements of the practical worker, and in addition is more satisfactory from the taxonomic point of view. Previous observations on the instability of certain cultures (Stuart, Griffin, and Baker 1938) with respect to the IMViC reactions have been extended to the point where the relationships indicated in figure 1 are strongly confirmed. Figure 2 shows this graphically.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

An Ecological Study of the Coliform Bacteria

Griffin

Stuart

1940

J Bacteriol

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presented the results of an extensive study of the types of coliform organisms encountered in milk and in the immediate environment of milk production. The various reactions of the strains in the "IMViC" differential media (indole, methyl-red, Voges-Proskauer, citrate, and cellobiose) led to the schematic classification shown in figure 1. Evidence validating this arrangement was obtained from "shifts" in reaction of certain unstable strains and statistical analysis of correlation among the reactions of the entire population. This analysis showed that there was no contraindication to adoption of the scheme as a basis for the more detailed classification of the coliform group. Although such a classification is theoretically adequate, it must be shown that separation of the Aerobacter, intermediate, and Escherichia sections of the group by such means will meet the demands of the practical worker in regard to sanitary significance. This paper presents the results of an ecological study made with this end in view. The methods, essentially those previously described (Stuart, Griffin, and Baker 1938), involved preliminary plating on eosin methylene-blue agar (Stuart, Wheeler and Griffin 1938) followed by transfer of representative numbers of typical and suspected coliform colonies to lactose broth and the IMViC differential media. The only modification used was preliminary enrichment in lactose broth in those instances where coliform organisms were too few in number to permit direct plating. When this was done, 83

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“…The quartet of tests (indole, M.R., V.P., and citrate) for which Parr (1936) created the mnemonic IMViC have been used by us in mapping the relationships of the coliforms. However, there is as yet no final agreement as to which of the tests are most dependable for taxonomic purposes (see Stuart, Griffin andBaker, 1938, andParr, 1939). Although the indole test was included in the present investigation, it was not used as a criterion for allocating organisms to the E. coli or A. aerogenes or intermediate groups.…”

Section: Biochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Comparative Study of Organisms of the Friedländer and Coli-aerogenes Groups

Osterman

Rettger

1941

J Bacteriol

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It was pointed out in the introductory remarks of the preceding paper (Osterman and Rettger, 1941) that the boundaries of the Friedlander group of organisms are not well defined, and that the usual definition of the group does not necessarily exclude organisms of the coli-aerogenes group when these are in the mucoid phase. The importance of considering variational phenomena in all attempts at classification and species description was emphasized, and it was suggested that the confusion has been due in part to a failure to consider carefully these aspects of the problem.Further understanding was sought in a comparative study of normal and variant forms of 100 freshly isolated strains belonging to both the Friedlinder and coli-aerogenes groups. Three principal phases, mucoid (M), smooth (S) and rough (R), were found to characterize the coli-aerogenes as well as the Friedhinder cultures. No constant cultural or morphological differences were discerned among the organisms of the two groups when they were in either the M, S or R phase.The organisms originally selected for the study were all encapsulated, non-motile, non-spore-forming, gelatin-non-liquefying, gram-negative bacillary forms. One hundred strains stabilized in the mucoid (M) phase and 80 smooth (S) variants were preserved by "lyophile" desiccation. The present paper deals with their biochemical reactions, their pathogenicity as determined by mouse tests, and certain of their serological relationships. It is to be regretted that cultures stabilized in the R phase were not available for inclusion in the study. BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONSThe following biochemical reactions were studied: fermentation of glucose, lactose and inositol; production of indole; methyl-red and Voges-Proskauer reactions; and utilization of citrates.The quartet of tests (indole, M.R., V.P., and citrate) for which Parr (1936) created the mnemonic IMViC have been used by us in mapping the relationships of the coliforms. However, there is as yet no final agreement as to which of the tests are most dependable for taxonomic purposes (see Stuart, Griffin andBaker, 1938, andParr, 1939). Although the indole test was included in the present investigation, it was not used as a criterion for allocating organisms to the E. coli or A. aerogenes or intermediate groups. This separation was made, according to the practice most common at present, on the basis of the M.R., V.P. and citrate tests. Organisms which give a i + --IMViC reaction (and which are gram-negative, non-spore forming, gelatin-nonliquefying organisms which form acid and gas in glucose and lactose) are defined as Escherichia coli; those which give a t -+ + reaction are classed as Aerobacter aerogenes (Bergey's Manual). The latter usually do not produce indole, while the former do, as a rule. Organisms giving irregular IMViC reactions are termed intermediates. The terms "aberrant coliforms" and "non-lactose-fermenting coliforms" are used in the sense indicated by Stuart, Mickle and Bowman (1940).The fermentation of the hexahydric alcohol, in...

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Relationships of Coliform Organisms

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

Type Differentiation of Coliform Organisms With Membrane Filter Technique

Type Differentiation of Coliform Organisms With Membrane Filter Technique

An Ecological Study of the Coliform Bacteria

A Comparative Study of Organisms of the Friedländer and Coli-aerogenes Groups

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