Relationships of cervical lymph node metastasis to histopathological malignancy grade, tumor angiogenesis, and lymphatic invasion in tongue cancer

Okada, Yasuo

doi:10.1007/s10266-010-0131-6

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It can show an increased vascularity within the tumor (blood flow), microvascular changes, size of the lesion and its thickness and the distance between mucous membrane and the front of the tumor [44]. The formation of new vessels can have a prognostic value [45,46]. Intrapapillary capillary loops of the mucous membrane have been recently studied with narrow-band imaging.…”

Section: Imaging Methods In Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Diagnostic Imaging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Review of Literature

et al. 2018

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SummaryOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity and constitutes 95% of all cancers of this area. Men are affected twice as commonly as women, primarily if they are over 50 years of age. Forty percent of the lesions are localized in the tongue and 30% in the floor of the oral cavity. OSCC often affects upper and lower gingiva, buccal mucous membrane, the retromolar triangle and the palate. The prognosis is poor and the five-year survival rate ranges from 20% (OSCC in the floor of the mouth) to 60% (OSCC in the alveolar part of the mandible). Treatment is difficult, because of the localization and the invasiveness of the available methods. The diagnosis is made based on a histopathological examination of a biopsy sample.The low detection rate of early oral SCC is a considerable clinical issue. Although the oral cavity can be easily examined, in the majority of cases oral SCC is diagnosed in its late stages. It is difficult to diagnose metastases in local lymph nodes and distant organs, which is important for planning the scope of resection and further treatment, graft implantation, and differentiation between reactive and metastatic lymph nodes as well as between disease recurrence and scars or adverse reactions after surgery or radiation therapy.Imaging studies are performed as part of the routine work-up in oral SCC. However, it is difficult to interpret the results at the early stages of the disease. The following imaging methods are used – dental radiographs, panoramic radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted and dynamic sequences, perfusion computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, hybrid methods (PET/CT, PET/MRI, SPECT/CT) and ultrasound. Some important clinical problems can be resolved with the use of novel modalities such as MRI with ADC sequences and PET.The aim of this article is to describe oral squamous cell carcinoma as it appears in different imaging methods considering both their advantages and limitations.

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Section: Imaging Methods In Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Diagnostic Imaging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Review of Literature

et al. 2018

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“…In cancers of the oral cavity, high histopathological malignancy grade is associated with increased risks of metastases to cervical lymph nodes, lung and bone, which greatly impact the prognosis [1][2][3][4][5][6] . Moreover, early detection of these cancers is desirable so that treatment can aim at conservation of oral functions and improvement of prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Study of Differential Expressions of Cytokeratin-13, -14, -17 and p53 in Epithelial Dysplasia and Carcinoma of the Tongue

Okada

Moride

2010

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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In cancers of the oral cavity, high histological malignancy grade is associated with higher risk of cervical lymph nodes, lung and bone metastases, which have great impact on the prognosis. Furthermore, early detection of these cancers is desirable so that treatment can aim at conserving oral functions and improving prognosis. It is known that several percent of leukoplakia that develop in the tongue become cancerous. Leukoplakia is a clinical diagnostic term, and histopathologically most cases show hyperkeratosis with epithelial dysplasia or hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia. On the other hand, difficulties in histopathological diagnosis of severe epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ are often encountered. In recent years, immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratins (CK), p53 and Ki-67 for precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity has been reported. However, few reports have applied a combination of several immunohistochemical stainings to diagnosis. In the present study, with the objective to achieve a higher precision in histopathological diagnosis, we conducted and compared the immunohistochemical stainings of CK13, CK17, CK14 and p53 in 10 cases each of hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia, hyperkeratosis with epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and SCC in the tongue. The following results were obtained. CK13 was positive in all 10 cases of hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia, and negative in all cases of hyperkeratosis with epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and SCC. CK17 was negative in all 10 cases of hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia, and was positive in all 10 cases of hyperkeratosis with epithelial dysplasia as well as 10 cases of carcinoma in situ and 9 of 10 cases of SCC. CK14 was negative or positive only in the basal cell layer or a few rows of cells in spinous layer adjacent to the basal cell layer in cases of hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia, but was positive in all the epithelial layers in all 10 cases of hyperkeratosis with epithelial dysplasia, and also positive in the tumor in all 10 cases each of carcinoma in situ and SCC. For p53, positive reaction was observed in some cells of the basal cell layer in 2 of 10 cases of hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia, while high positive rates were found in hyperkeratosis with epithelial dysplasia (10 of 10 cases) and SCC (9 of 10 cases). On the other hand, only 5 of 10 cases of carcinoma in situ were positive for p53. In conclusion, although the histopathological diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ is based on hematoxylin-eosin stained sections, immunostaining and evaluation of CK13, CK17, CK14 and p53 are useful as an adjunct to histopathological diagnosis.

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“…13 A high vascular density is reportedly associated with advanced tumour stage and a poor prognosis in oral cancers. [11][12][13] We therefore postulated that quantitative evaluation of the vascularity of tongue cancers on Doppler intraoral ultrasonography images predict the grade of malignancy and occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis and accordingly devise three quantitative indexes of vascularity, the BAR, BNR and BWR. The BAR, which is a measure of the quantity of blood flow within a cancer, did not differ significantly between patients with and without cervical lymph node metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 High blood vessel density and histological grade of malignancy are significantly related to cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oral squamouscell carcinoma. [11][12][13] Shinozaki et al 5 reported that the presence of blood vessel infiltration is a determinant of prognosis of cervical lymph node metastasis and that Doppler-identified blood vessel infiltration and lymph duct infiltration have significantly different associations with prognosis. However, no studies have used Doppler intraoral ultrasonography images to quantitatively evaluate vascularity within tumours and in their invasion fronts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascularity as assessed by Doppler intraoral ultrasound around the invasion front of tongue cancer is a predictor of pathological grade of malignancy and cervical lymph node metastasis

Yamamoto¹,

Yuasa²,

Okamura³

et al. 2016

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To quantitatively evaluate the relationship of vascularity of tongue cancer as demonstrated on intraoral ultrasonography images and tumour thickness with pathological grade of malignancy and the presence of cervical lymph node metastases. Methods: 18 patients with tongue cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study. Using Doppler ultrasonography images of the invasion front of the cancers along the length of their tumour boundaries, three vascular indexes were analysed quantitatively, namely ratio of blood flow signal area within the cancer to whole tumour area (BAR), blood flow signal number ratio (BNR) and blood flow signal width ratio (BWR). The associations between these three indexes and occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis and pathological grade of malignancy [Yamamoto-Kohama (YK) classification] were assessed. Furthermore, the relationship between tumour thickness and occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis was evaluated on B-mode intraoral ultrasonography images. Results: There was no significant association between BAR and tumour thickness or occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis. The BNRs and BWRs of patients with cervical lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those of patients without nodal involvement. The BWRs of patients with high-grade malignancy (YK-4C) were significantly higher than those of patients with low-grade malignancy (YK-2 or 3). Conclusions: BNR and BWR on the invasion front of the tongue cancer are predictors of pathological grade of malignancy and cervical lymph node metastasis. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2016Radiology ( ) 45, 20150372. doi: 10.1259 Cite this article as: Yamamoto C, Yuasa K, Okamura K, Shiraishi T, Miwa K. Vascularity as assessed by Doppler intraoral ultrasound around the invasion front of tongue cancer is a predictor of pathological grade of malignancy and cervical lymph node metastasis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016; 45: 20150372.

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Relationships of cervical lymph node metastasis to histopathological malignancy grade, tumor angiogenesis, and lymphatic invasion in tongue cancer

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Contemporary Diagnostic Imaging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Review of Literature

Contemporary Diagnostic Imaging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Review of Literature

Immunohistochemical Study of Differential Expressions of Cytokeratin-13, -14, -17 and p53 in Epithelial Dysplasia and Carcinoma of the Tongue

Vascularity as assessed by Doppler intraoral ultrasound around the invasion front of tongue cancer is a predictor of pathological grade of malignancy and cervical lymph node metastasis

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