Relationships Between Waking Suggestibility and Hypnotic Susceptibility

Beck, Lester F.

doi:10.1037/e562352011-057

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“…Similarly, it is a highly reliable phenomenon when the retest conditions are relatively constant. Beck (1936), Eysenck (1943), Evans (1961Evans ( , 1966, Hilgard et al (1961), Saltzman (1936), and Stukat (19S8) have all reported retest reliabilities around .9 for several measures.…”

Section: Suggestibility As a Situational Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Suggestibility in the normal waking state.

Evans¹

1967

Psychological Bulletin

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This review evaluates attempts to classify and account for suggestibility observed in normal Ss under waking (nonhypnotic) conditions. Factor analytic studies do not confirm the traditional classification of "primary" and "secondary" suggestibility presented by Eysenck and Furneaux. These studies identify at least 3 types of suggestibility: primary (motor), challenge, and imagery (sensory) suggestibility. Intrinsic, stimulus, and response characteristics of suggestibility tests are examined. Suggestibility does not seem to depend on set, expectancy, or situational variables; is not adequately explained by ideomotor action; and is unrelated to the placebo response. State-specific response to suggestion occurs during sleep. Suggestibility may be related to aspects of classical, verbal, and sensory conditioning.Suggestibility has been an important concept in the history of psychology and psychiatry. Apart from being equated with gullibility and persuasibility (Abraham, 1962), the concept of suggestibility has been central to the historical development of hypnosis (Weitzenhoffer, 1953); has been used to explain the placebo response in psychopharmacology (Trouton, 1957); and has been employed as a measure of personality characteristics, particularly neuroticism (Cattell, 1957;Eysenck, 1947). This review evaluates contemporary attempts to classify different types of suggestibility, and examines some frequently postulated mechanisms that appear relevant to current research. A comprehensive review of the suggestibility literature was published by Stukat (1958), and studies prior to the mid-1950s are not reviewed unless considered relevant to the issues raised.This review is concerned with waking suggestion administered to normal populations of subjects. The term "waking" is used in contrast to "hypnotic." Waking and hypnotic suggestibility are conceptually, and quite probably empirically, distinct (Evans, 1966;Hammer, Evans, & Bartlett, 1963). Except

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Section: Suggestibility As a Situational Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Suggestibility in the normal waking state.

Evans¹

1967

Psychological Bulletin

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“…in accordance with their own ideas. Many experimenters still talk of dissociation, 4 but the term must be stretched greatly to make it "conative" in nature, as Pattie (55) and Lundholm (48) aver, and synonymous with malingering or trickery (Pattie), rather than automatism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental hypnotism: A review.

Young

1941

Psychological Bulletin

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The present review, covering the interval from August, 1930, to June, 1939, is limited to 10 problems of experimental hypnotism (not including animal hypnosis or the forensic, therapeutic, and purely theoretical aspects) and deals with only 86 of the 350 or so books and articles published during that time. The last general review, by the writer, appeared in this journal in 1931 (85).Hull's Hypnosis and suggestibility (37),* Winn's Scientific hypnotism (83), 2 and Volgyesi's text (73) in German, exemplifying the reflexology treatment, deserve mention.Speaking generally, mention should be made of Hull's (36) list of 101 items for experimentation; Beck's (5) demonstrational silent film; Raginsky's (61) review of much material on hypnotic anesthesia; Jenness and Wible's (42) evaluation of the work on autonomic functions; and Friedlander and Sarbin's (30) article on measuring hypnotic depth.

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Relationships Between Waking Suggestibility and Hypnotic Susceptibility

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Suggestibility in the normal waking state.

Suggestibility in the normal waking state.

Experimental hypnotism: A review.

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