Relationships Between Tobacco Abuse and Self-Assessment of Health

Abstract

Smoking cigarettes negatively influences the functioning of the body. Among other effects, it has an important impact on the respiratory system, circulation, and behavior. It leads to morphological and physiological changes in organs and tissues, so it can change mood. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between tobacco abuse and self-assessment of health. The survey was conducted among Polish (243) and foreign (80) medical students at the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland. The study was based on a survey questionnaire of the authors' own design, comprising open and multi-choice questions. Our questionnaire was based on the international standard questionnaire from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study (Currie et al. 2009). 80 % of students surveyed were free of any chronic diseases. The results showed that only 23 % of the women and 20 % of the men assessed their health as very good, over 60 % as good, and the remaining at lower levels. We did not observe significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. Physical activity in both groups was generally assessed as good or sufficient. We did not observe significant differences between groups in the incidence of headache, abdominal pain, or vertigo. Significant differences were found in the intake of painkillers.

Topography of the infraorbital foramen in human skulls originating from different time periods

“…To define the topography of the IOF we took the following anthropometric measurements (Figs. 1, 2), also used by other researchers [1,3,12,13,15,21,24,27,53,64]: -distance between the IOF and infraorbital margin -For.Inf.-Mar.Inf. ; -distance between the medial margin of the IOF and the nasal notch at the level of the conchal crest -For.Inf.-Inc.Nasalis; -distance between the medial margin of the IOF and the midline -For.Inf.-L.M.…”