Relationships between three potentiation effects of plyometric training and performance

Wu, Yu‐Kuang; Lien, YH; Lin, Kate Ching-Ju; Shih, Tiffany Ting-Fang; Wang, T.-G.; Wang, Hsing‐Kuo

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00908.x

Cited by 93 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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confidence: 99%

“…11,13 Tendon mechanical properties determine stress and strain distribution within the tendon. 37,38,40 Tendon microcirculation reflects intratendinous metabolic demands and includes the distribution of blood flow and oxygen consumption in the arteriolar, capillary, and venular segments. 22,31 Local blood flow is controlled by autoregulation (myogenic responses and metabolism) and shearing stress stimulation of the endothelium and neurohormones, 31 and is partially influenced by vessel radius and length (Poiseuille's equation).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 The real-time images, recorded at 30 Hz, were stored on a disc. The software described previously 37,38,40 was used to synchronize concurrent ultrasonic and other measurements. Images corresponding to each 5% increment of MVIC between 0% and 100% were used to measure tendon elongation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Yin

Chen

Wu³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that are capable of transmitting mechanical loading and utilize elastic energy during locomotion. 29 Tendon adaptations to mechanical loads include changes in mechanical properties and metaboliccirculatory function. 11,13 Tendon mechanical properties determine stress and strain distribution within the tendon. 37,38,40 Tendon microcirculation reflects intratendinous metabolic demands and includes the distribution of blood flow and oxygen consumption in the arteriolar, capillary, and venular segments. 22,31Local blood flow is controlled by autoregulation (myogenic responses and metabolism) and shearing stress stimulation of the endothelium and neurohormones, 31 and is partially influenced by vessel radius and length (Poiseuille's equation). 5Viscoelastic behaviors of the vessels and tendons suggest that adaptation of tendon microcirculation during exercises may vary due to differences in tendons' plastic mechanical properties. 18,19,36 However, this theory has not been validated.Exercises involving movements that an individual is not used to and that reduce tendon stiffness, 26 as well as exercises that cause ischemia reperfusion, 1,21 are proposed as likely etiological factors in acute tendinopathies occurring when someone suddenly increases his or her level of physical activities ("weekend warrior" syndrome) or has eccentric exercise T T STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. T T OBJECTIVES:To measure and compare patellar tendon stiffness and microcirculation in college tennis players and nonathletic students when performing eccentric knee extension exercises that do and do not reduce tendon stiffness. T T BACKGROUND:Previous studies suggest that tendon microcirculation response during exercises may vary based on the tendon's plastic properties. T T METHODS:The study included 3 groups of college-age male students: tennis players who performed 4 sets of either 40 (n = 12) or 80 (n = 13) repetitions of eccentric knee extension exercise and nonathletic students (n = 14) who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions. Tendon stiffness was measured before and after exercise completion. Changes in total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation (OSat) were analyzed while performing the 4 sets. Comparisons were made within and between the groups. The level of association between tendon microcirculation and stiffness reduction was assessed. T T RESULTS:The 2 groups (player/4 × 80 and student/4 × 40) exhibiting patellar tendon stiffness reductions (P<.008) showed higher total hemoglobin and OSat levels, above the pre-exercise levels, in the fourth set compared to the first set of exercises (P<.004). The tennis players who performed 4 sets of 40 repetitions exhibited higher OSat levels in the fourth set than in the first set (P = .004) but had no reduction in tendon stiffness. Changes in OSat levels in the fourth set were correlated with patellar tendon stiffness reductions (r = -0.381, P = .02). T T CONCLUSION:We conclude that there was increased patellar tendon microcirculation after performing...

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Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Yin

Chen

Wu³

et al. 2014

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…These results confirm previous suggestions that children's immature tendons adapt to training stimuli in a similar way as adults (1, 4, 12). For instance, previous studies in adults (1,12)) have shown that AT stiffness increased after 6 and 8 weeks of plyometric training, respectively. Similarly, in pre-pubertal children, Wauge et al (5) reported that 10-weeks resistance training resulted in a significant increase of AT stiffness although no change in tendon CSA has been reported (4).…”

Section: Strainmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Achilles tendon mechanical properties adapt to chronic increases (1) or decreases (2) in mechanical loading. Few data exist on the effects of physical training on Achilles-Tendon mechanical properties on children (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Two Plyometric Protocols at Different Surfaces on Mechanical Properties of Achilles Tendon in Children

et al. 2018

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in muscle strength and Achilles tendon strain after two plyometric training programs performed on different surfaces in children. Methods:Thirty six children (21 girls, 15 boys) aged 9.30 ± 0.55 years were assigned into a mini-trampoline plyometric group (TPLG), a ground-plyometric group (GPLG) and a control group (CG). The training groups completed a 4-week plyometric intervention (PL) (three-times a week), consisting of hopping exercises performed either on a mini-trampoline (TPLG) or ground (GPLG). Achilles tendon strain, peak ankle plantar flexion torque (PAT), and rate of torque development (RTD) at 3 different angular positions of the ankle (15°, 0°and -15°) were measured before and after training. Results:The main finding of this study was that Achilles tendon strain decreased significantly after plyometric training performed on a mini-trampoline or ground surface ( 25% and 15%, for the TPLG and GPLG, respectively (P < 0.05)). This was accompanied by an increase in maximum ankle MVC torque and an increase in RTD (at 15°, 0°positions) for both experimental groups. Especially, statistically significant increases in PAT (30%) and RTD (14%) (P < 0.05) were found for the TPLG while for the GPLG group the increase was 19 % and 8% for PAT and RTD, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Both protocols show similar adaptations regardless of the surface of training. Training on elastic surface should be incorporated into exercise programs aiming either to enhance strength performance safely, or to achieve the target goal which is not only the safe performance but also the muscle-tendon system efficiency.

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Current Concepts of Plyometric Exercises for the Lower Extremity

Davies

Riemann

2019

Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations

108

143

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Relationships between three potentiation effects of plyometric training and performance

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Increased Patellar Tendon Microcirculation and Reduction of Tendon Stiffness Following Knee Extension Eccentric Exercises

Effects of Two Plyometric Protocols at Different Surfaces on Mechanical Properties of Achilles Tendon in Children

Current Concepts of Plyometric Exercises for the Lower Extremity

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