Relationships between the shedding of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, clinical signs and serological responses of 34 sheep

Berri, Mustapha; Souriau, Armel; Crosby, Milton; Crochet, Didier; Lechopier, Patrick; Rodolakis, Annie

doi:10.1136/vr.148.16.502

Cited by 137 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Feces and vaginal swab samples were prepared as previously described [10]. Placental cotyledons, organs and lymph nodes from goats and fetus organs were homogenized with a Stomacher (Seward Medical, London, UK) in sterile saline buffer.…”

Section: Burnetii Dna Purification From Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) test was applied for C. burnetii detection in smears of placental cotyledon samples on 3-well or 18-well microscope slides (Poly Labo), as previously described [10] using a specific serum obtained from mice inoculated with the Nine Mile C. burnetii strain. The slides were examined with a 40´ objective (400´ magnification) under a fluorescence microscope (Leitz Aristoplan) for brilliant green staining of C. burnetii microorganisms.…”

Section: Immunofluorescence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After becoming infected, female animals shed large quantities of Coxiella into the 424 N. Arricau Bouvery et al environment during abortion or normal delivery through birth fluids, placenta and fetal membranes [3,6,23,24,32]. Moreover, following parturition, these infected animals excrete the bacteria via the urine, feces, vaginal discharges and milk for several months [10,17,19,20]. Nevertheless, the C. burnetii shedding kinetics is not well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection in pregnant goats: excretion routes

et al. 2003

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Section: Burnetii Dna Purification From Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunofluorescence Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection in pregnant goats: excretion routes

et al. 2003

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“…This quantitative approach allows one to scale different bacterium sources, with regards to the risk of Coxiella burnetii transmission among animals and from animals to humans. Coxiella burnetii is shed mainly by birth products (birth fluids, placenta), but may also be shed by cattle via vaginal mucus [7,11], milk [1,30,35], faeces [13], urine [15] and semen [19]. However, while shedding routes of Coxiella burnetii have been identified, the characteristics of Coxiella shedding in terms of kinetic and bacterial burden are still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coxiella burnetiishedding by dairy cows

Guatteo

Beaudeau

Joly³

et al. 2007

Vet. Res.

140

142

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-While shedding routes of Coxiella burnetii are identified, the characteristics of Coxiella shedding are still widely unknown, especially in dairy cattle. However, this information is crucial to assess the natural course of Coxiella burnetii infection within a herd and then to elaborate strategies to limit the risks of transmission between animals and to humans. The present study aimed at (i) describing the characteristics of Coxiella burnetii shedding by dairy cows (in milk, vaginal mucus, faeces) in five infected dairy herds, and at (ii) investigating the possible relationships between shedding patterns and serological responses. A total of 145 cows were included in a follow-up consisting of seven concomitant samplings of milk, vaginal mucus, faeces and blood (Day 0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D63, D90). Detection and quantification of Coxiella burnetii titres were performed in milk, vaginal mucus and faeces samples using real-time PCR assay, while antibodies against Coxiella were detected using an ELISA technique. For a given shedding route, and a given periodicity (weekly or monthly), cows were gathered into different shedding kinetic patterns according to the sequence of PCR responses. Distribution of estimated titres in Coxiella burnetii was described according to shedding kinetic patterns. Coxiella burnetii shedding was found scarcely and sporadically in faeces. Vaginal mucus shedding concerned almost 50% of the cows studied and was found intermittently or sporadically, depending on the periodicity considered. Almost 40% of cows were detected as milk shedders, with two predominant shedding patterns: persistent and sporadic, regardless of the sampling periodicity. Significantly higher estimated titres in Coxiella burnetii were observed in cows with persistent shedding patterns suggesting the existence of heavy shedder cows. These latter cows were mostly, persistently highly-seropositive, suggesting that repeated serological testings could be a reliable tool to screen heavy shedders, before using PCR assays. dairy cow / Coxiella burnetii / shedding / antibodies / kinetics

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“…Moreover, a lack of sensitivity in these techniques (i.e. existence of seronegative shedders) has already been reported [8,17]. In that context, only techniques allowing the direct identification of Coxiella shedders appear to be informative for assessing the actual risk of transmission of the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding routes ofCoxiella burnetiiin dairy cows: implications for detection and control

et al. 2006

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-Reliable detection of Coxiella burnetii shedders is a critical point for the control of the spread of this bacterium among animals and from animals to humans. Coxiella burnetii is shed by ruminants mainly by birth products (placenta, birth fluids), but may also be shed by vaginal mucus, milk, and faeces, urine and semen. However, the informative value of these types of samples to identify shedders under field conditions is unknown. Our aim was then to describe the responses obtained using a real-time PCR technique applied to milk, vaginal mucus and faeces samples taken from 242 dairy cows in commercial dairy herds known to be naturally infected with Coxiella burnetii, and to assess their putative associations. Positive results were found in all types of tested samples even in faeces. No predominant shedding route was identified. Among the shedder cows, 65.4% were detected as shedders by only one route. By contrast, cows with positive results for all three samples were scarce (less than 7%). Testing a cow based on only one type of biological sample may lead to misclassify it with regards to its shedding of Coxiella burnetii and thereby underestimate the risk of bacterial spread within a herd. dairy cows / Coxiella burnetii / shedding routes / real-time PCR / Q fever

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Relationships between the shedding of Coxiella burnetii, clinical signs and serological responses of 34 sheep

Cited by 137 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection in pregnant goats: excretion routes

Experimental Coxiella burnetii infection in pregnant goats: excretion routes

Coxiella burnetiishedding by dairy cows

Shedding routes ofCoxiella burnetiiin dairy cows: implications for detection and control

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