Relationships between the electroretinogram a-wave, b-wave and oscillatory potentials and their application to clinical diagnosis

Asi, Husam; Perlman, Ido

doi:10.1007/bf00156572

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Different ERG components are related to different retinal structures. Negative a waves and b waves reflect the function of photoreceptors and bipolar and Müller cells, respectively (48). Moreover, the ratio of b-wave to a-wave amplitude represents the response of a given stimulus in the inner and outer retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravitreal Caspofungin

Shen

Liang

Wang

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Caspofungin exhibits potent antifungal activities against Candida and Aspergillus species. The elimination rate and retinal toxicity of caspofungin were determined in this study to assess its pharmacokinetics and safety in the treatment of fungal endophthalmitis. Intravitreal injections of 50 g/0.1 ml of caspofungin were administered to rabbits. Levels of caspofungin in the vitreous and aqueous humors were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at selected time intervals (10 min and 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h), and the half-lives were calculated. Eyes were intravitreally injected with caspofungin to obtain concentrations of 10 g/ml, 50 g/ml, 100 g/ml, and 200 g/ml. Electroretinograms were recorded 4 weeks after injections, and the injected eyes were examined histologically. The concentrations of intravitreal caspofungin at various time points exhibited an exponential decay with a half-life of 6.28 h. The mean vitreous concentration was 6.06 ؎ 1.76 g/ml 1 h after intravitreal injection, and this declined to 0.47 ؎ 0.15 g/ml at 24 h. The mean aqueous concentration showed undetectable levels at all time points. There were no statistical differences in scotopic a-wave and b-wave responses between control eyes and caspofungin-injected eyes. No focal necrosis or other abnormality in retinal histology was observed. Intravitreal caspofungin injection may be considered to be an alternative treatment for fungal endophthalmitis based on its antifungal activity, lower retinal toxicity, and lower elimination rate in the vitreous. More clinical data are needed to determine its potential role as primary therapy for fungal endophthalmitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravitreal Caspofungin

Shen

Liang

Wang

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Amacrine cells are also involved in b-wave creation. Their responses, so called oscillatory potentials (OPs) are superimposed on the ascending part of the b-wave (Heynen et al 1985;Asi and Perlman 1992;Wachtmeister 1998) (Figure 1). …”

Section: Essence Of Ergmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroretinography in dogs: a review

Drazek¹,

Lew²,

Lew³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Electroretinography (ERG) in the form of full-field, flash ERG is the most commonly used technique in veterinary ophthalmology for diagnosing the functioning of the outer retina. Under light stimulation spatially distributed different cell types within the retina produce time-varying electric responses. These are recorded in the form of ERG traces consisting of a series of positive and negative wavelets. The possibility of selective stimulation of individual types of retinal cells and the analysis of constituent components of ERGs are the basis for determining the source of abnormalities and diagnosis of various types of dysfunction. In many cases, the ERG allows diagnosis of hereditary retinal disorders in dogs before the appearance of behavioural and ophthalmoscopic symptoms. This review is an introduction to the electrophysiology of vision, intended for small animal practitioners, and aimed at presenting the benefits of ERG for early ophthalmic diagnostics in dogs.Keywords: ERG; ophthalmology; PRA; retina

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“…The OP has been suggested to be the most affected component of the full-field electroretinogram in diabetic patients (Shirao & Kawasaki, 1998;Tzekov & Arden, 1999;Asi & Perlman, 1992;Lovasik & Kergoat, 1993), and the delay or amplitude reduction of the OP is well-known to be attributable to vascular dysfunction in the retina (Luu, Szental, Lee, Lavanya, & Wong, 2010;Tzekov & Arden, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early visual changes in diabetic patients with no retinopathy measured by color discrimination and electroretinography.

Gualtieri¹,

Feitosa-Santana²,

Lago³

et al. 2013

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Early visual changes caused by diabetes include color vision losses and an abnormal full-field electroretinogram. The purpose of this study was to evaluate color vision in type 2 diabetic patients with no clinically detectable retinopathy using an objective psychophysical color vision test, evaluate retinal function assessed by full-field electroretinography ( ff ERG), and verify the agreement among the changes detected by each of these tests. Color vision was tested and ff ERG was performed in 34 diabetic patients (20 males; ages 56 ± 9 years). Results were compared with those obtained from age-matched control groups. Color discrimination losses occurred in all three color-confusion axes with a higher incidence on the protan axis. The fullfield electroretinographic data indicated that inner retinal components (i.e., ff ERG oscillatory potentials) were more affected than outer retinal components, indicating impairment of second-and third-order retinal neurons early in the disease. Previous studies reported tritan losses as a classic color vision defect in diabetes, but our results showed that all three color-confusion axes (i.e., protan, deutan, and tritan) are compromised, at least during the very early stages of the disease, reflecting a diffuse pattern of color vision loss. The full-field electroretinographic results that showed abnormalities of the inner retina support the color vision findings.

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Relationships between the electroretinogram a-wave, b-wave and oscillatory potentials and their application to clinical diagnosis

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravitreal Caspofungin

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravitreal Caspofungin

Electroretinography in dogs: a review

Early visual changes in diabetic patients with no retinopathy measured by color discrimination and electroretinography.

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