Relationships between the Digit Ratio(2D:4D) and Exercise-Related Physical Fitness Components in Males and Females

The relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and muscular fitness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…It is important to acknowledge that muscular fitness is a multidimensional construct, and while it is specific to the muscle group, type of muscle action, muscle contraction, contraction velocity, equipment, and joint range of motion, we only included studies that measured muscular fitness using HGS. Several studies have examined relationships for other measures of muscular fitness, including lower body absolute strength (Eler, 2018a;Folland et al, 2012), upper body relative strength (Eklund et al, 2020;Güler, 2018;Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017), both lower body power (Eler, 2018a;Güler, 2018;Gümüs ¸& Tutkun, 2018;Hsu et al, 2018;Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017) and upper body power (Cho, 2020), and abdominal/core endurance (Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017). Collectively, most studies (Cho, 2020;Eklund et al, 2020;Eler, 2018a;Güler, 2018;Hsu et al, 2018;Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017) found that 2D:4D was a negligible-tomoderate negative correlate of other measures of muscular fitness, which broadly supports our results.…”

“…Several studies have examined relationships for other measures of muscular fitness, including lower body absolute strength (Eler, 2018a;Folland et al, 2012), upper body relative strength (Eklund et al, 2020;Güler, 2018;Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017), both lower body power (Eler, 2018a;Güler, 2018;Gümüs ¸& Tutkun, 2018;Hsu et al, 2018;Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017) and upper body power (Cho, 2020), and abdominal/core endurance (Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017). Collectively, most studies (Cho, 2020;Eklund et al, 2020;Eler, 2018a;Güler, 2018;Hsu et al, 2018;Kociuba et al, 2017;Kozieł et al, 2017) found that 2D:4D was a negligible-tomoderate negative correlate of other measures of muscular fitness, which broadly supports our results. In addition, given that HGS is a powerful marker of sports/ athletic performances requiring substantial force application, further support for our results comes from research showing that individuals with low 2D:4Ds outperform individuals with high 2D:4Ds in collision sports such as American football (Schorer et al, 2013), kabbadi (a contact team sport) (Sudhakar et al, 2014), rugby (Bennett et al, 2010), Greco-Roman wrestling (Keshavarz et al, 2017), and sumo wrestling (Tamiya et al, 2012).…”