Relationships Between Temperature and Life-History Parameters of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae)

Abstract

Relationships between temperature and life history parameters were determined for the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Median immature developmental times ranged from > 60 d at 15 degrees C to < 12 d at 30 degrees C, with minimum time at 30.6 degrees C. Egg survival decreased from 0.98 at 15 degrees C to 0.91 at 20 degrees C, then increased to 0.98 at 35 degrees C. Larval survival ranged from 0.83 at 20 degrees C to 0.65 at 35 degrees C, and pupal survival ranged from 0.93 at 20 degrees C to 0.42 at 35 degrees C with maxima at 22.1 degrees C and 19.9 degrees C for larvae and pupae, respectively. Median longevity of females and males were greatest at 17.3 degrees C. Time to 50% survival ranged from > 30 d at 15 degrees C to < 6 d at 35 degrees C. Daily fecundity averaged 1.07, 8.89, 14.88, 26.22, and 7.90 eggs per female per day at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C, respectively. Lifetime fecundity ranged from < 30 eggs per female at 15 and 35 degrees C to > 700 eggs per female at 25 degrees C and was greatest at 25.3 degrees C. Net reproductive rate, and the intrinsic rate of increase had maxima at 25.3 and 27.8 degrees C, and mean generation time was minimum at 33.4 degrees C. Proportional variation in the time of immature development and adult longevity were independent of temperature, but proportional variation in the time of oviposition was related inversely to temperature. Extreme temperatures appeared to lengthen the preoviposition period and reduce the duration of egg production. Relationships were compared with previous studies. Equations developed and presented in this article will be used to develop a temperature-dependent stable fly population model.

First survey of seasonal abundance and daily activity ofStomoxysspp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Kamphaengsaen Campus, Nakornpathom province, Thailand

“…It appears difficult to explain these low values by the climatic parameters. Indeed, during this season, with: i) monthly rainfalls between 80 and 180mm, ii) monthly relative humidity between 72 and 80 %, and iii) monthly mean temperatures ranged from 27 to 30°C, we expected to observe a positive rate of increase of the Stomoxyine populations (Lysyk, 1998;Gilles et al, 2005bGilles et al, , 2005c. Otherwise, the potential use of insecticides or anti-parasite drugs by the farmers during the survey could explain the low densities of flies, but it was impossible to get information about animal treatments.…”

Persistence of <I>Escherichia coli</I> in Immature House Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) in Relation to Larval Growth and Survival

“…House and stable ßies were obtained from stock colonies maintained using procedures outlined in Lysyk (1998Lysyk ( , 2001. Adults were held in cages at 25ЊC and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. House ßies were fed a diet of granulated sucrose and dilute evaporated milk (1:1) in plastic dishes Þlled with tissue paper to serve as an ovipositional substrate.…”

Global population structure of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) inferred by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data

“…Extreme temperatures appear to reduce the duration of egg production (Lysyk, 1998). Ecological evidence suggests that stable flies are strongly vagile, dispersing far and wide (Eddy et al, 1962).…”