Relationships between Structures of Condensed Tannins from Texas Legumes and Methane Production During In Vitro Rumen Digestion

Naumann, H. D.; Sepela, Rebecka J.; Rezaire, A.; Masih, Sonia E; Zeller, Wayne E.; Reinhardt, Laurie A.; Robe, Jamison T; Sullivan, Michael L.; Hagerman, Ann

doi:10.3390/molecules23092123

Cited by 26 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…1), catechin and epicatechin, which give rise to procyanidin (PC) tannins, and gallocatechin and epigallocatechin, possessing an additional hydroxyl group at C5 of the B-ring (see red arrows, Fig. Some forage CTs are further modified to contain galloyl groups, such as those in some warm-season forage legumes (Naumann et al, 2018). Catechin and epicatechin differ only in their stereochemistry (spatial orientation) of the hydroxyl (OH) group at the C3 carbon.…”

Section: Flavan-3-ol Subunit Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid presentation of overly complicated chemical structures later in this perspective, we will abbreviate the structures of flavan-3-ol subunits as color-coded hexagons. Some forage CTs are further modified to contain galloyl groups, such as those in some warm-season forage legumes (Naumann et al, 2018). In addition, galloylated CTs, such as those from grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.), have been added as amendments in ruminant protein degradation studies (Bruno-Soares et al, 2011).…”

Section: Flavan-3-ol Subunit Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these cases, researchers were examining CTs from different sources whose mDP values were very similar (Kraus et al, 2003), or the composition of the CTs examined was not initially disclosed (Naumann et al, 2014). In a follow-up study (Naumann et al, 2018), the CTs of these Texas forage legumes were shown to vary widely in composition (PC/PD and cis/trans ratios, interflavan linkages, and extent of galloylation), with the CT from Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose exhibiting unique yet undetermined modified non-PC/PD flavanan-3-ol subunits.…”

Section: Impact Of Condensed Tannin Size On Protein Affinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity, Purification, and Analysis of Condensed Tannins: Current State of Affairs and Future Endeavors

Zeller

2019

Crop Science

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As a class of plant polyphenolic compounds contained in some forages (i.e., sainfoin [Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.], big trefoil [Lotus pedunculatus Cav.], birdsfoot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus L.]), condensed tannins (CTs), also referred to as proanthocyanidins (PAs or PACs), exhibit a variety of biological effects on ruminants. The potential positive impact of CTs on the agricultural industry stems from their ability to modulate proteolysis during forage conservation and ruminal digestion, to prevent bloat, to reduce intestinal parasite burdens, to abate methane and ammonia emissions from ruminants, and to inhibit the activity of soil‐nitrifying bacteria. How CTs exert these effects on ruminants focuses on the interaction of CTs with proteins. The structure‐activity relationship in CT–protein interaction is not well understood but is known to be dependent on the structure and properties of both the CT and the protein. The purpose of this perspective is fivefold. First, we provide the reader with a better understanding of the structural diversity of CTs present in plant material and enable the reader to appreciate that not all CTs are the same. Second, we provide examples of how CT structural diversity affects the interaction of CTs with the protein, which, in turn, dictates the biological response from the animal. Third, we describe the hurdles in obtaining highly pure and well‐characterized CTs from natural sources for use in studies to attempt to elucidate how CTs impart each biological effect. We then describe improved and emerging techniques for CT analysis and, finally, we conclude this perspective with questions to address in future investigations and forward a list of recommendations for CT researchers to follow.

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Section: Flavan-3-ol Subunit Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flavan-3-ol Subunit Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Condensed Tannin Size On Protein Affinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity, Purification, and Analysis of Condensed Tannins: Current State of Affairs and Future Endeavors

Zeller

2019

Crop Science

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“…For instance, isolated CT from a natural plant source is estimated to contain about 22 billion distinct chemical entities when the subunits and linkages of CT are taken into consideration [14]. This complexity may account for the inconsistent effects of CT on enteric CH 4 production [15]. Since HT have low MW and are less structurally variable than CT, they appear to result in a more consistent CH 4 reduction effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Molecular Weight and Structure of Tannins to Reduce Methane Emissions from Ruminants: A Review

Aboagye

Beauchemin

2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryRegardless of the production system adopted, ruminant livestock contribute to greenhouse emissions that are associated with climate change. Among the greenhouse gases, enteric methane produced from the rumen is of the greatest concern because it is the largest single source of livestock emissions. Among the different dietary strategies examined to decrease methanogenesis in ruminants, the use of tannins shows promise, but has received only moderate attention. However, tannins are abundant in both tropical and temperate plants and so are widely available globally and may be an economical approach for livestock producers to mitigate enteric methane emissions. This review explores the challenges and opportunities of using dietary tannins to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminants.AbstractThere is a need to reduce enteric methane (CH4) to ensure the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. Tannins are naturally found in both tropical and temperate plants, and have been shown to consistently decrease urinary nitrogen (N) excretion when consumed by ruminants. However, the limited number of in vivo studies conducted indicates that the effects of tannins on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, CH4 production and animal performance vary depending on source, type, dose, and molecular weight (MW). There are two main types of tannin in terrestrial plants: condensed tannin (CT; high MW) and hydrolysable tannin (HT; low MW). Consumption of CT and HT by ruminants can reduce N excretion without negatively affecting animal performance. High MW tannins bind to dietary protein, while low MW tannins affect rumen microbes, and thus, irrespective of type of tannin, N excretion is affected. The structure of high MW tannin is more diverse compared with that of low MW tannin, which may partly explain the inconsistent effects of CT on CH4 production reported in in vivo studies. In contrast, the limited number of in vivo studies with low MW HT potentially shows a consistent decrease in CH4 production, possibly attributed to the gallic acid subunit. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effects of tannins, characterized by MW and structural composition, on reducing CH4 emissions and improving animal performance in ruminants.

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“…(2011a , b) reported that in vitro ruminal gas and CH 4 production were highly related to the specific chemical structure of tannins, such as type of tannins (i.e., CT vs. HT), solubility, and cis–trans configuration. Several earlier studies have noted that procyanidin (PC) and prodelphinidin (PD)-types of CT may disrupt methanogenesis ( Min et al., 2015a ; Naumann et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Plant Tannins and Methanogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants: A review of plant tannin mitigation options

et al. 2020

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Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which have been shown to influence climate change. New technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH 4 production. Methane production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention strategies. Strategies to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH 4 from cattle, sheep, and goats. Methane emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency improved. Although some CH 4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo, more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production systems. The objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds (e.g., plant tannins) affect ruminal microbiota, reduce CH 4 emission, and the effects on host responses. Thus, this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis, which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH 4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.

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Relationships between Structures of Condensed Tannins from Texas Legumes and Methane Production During In Vitro Rumen Digestion

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Activity, Purification, and Analysis of Condensed Tannins: Current State of Affairs and Future Endeavors

Activity, Purification, and Analysis of Condensed Tannins: Current State of Affairs and Future Endeavors

Potential of Molecular Weight and Structure of Tannins to Reduce Methane Emissions from Ruminants: A Review

Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants: A review of plant tannin mitigation options

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