Relationships between stigma-identity constructs and psychological health outcomes among adults who stutter

Gerlach, Hope; Chaudoir, Stephenie R.; Zebrowski, Patricia M.

doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2021.105842

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4 While many people, including autistic people, will try to maintain a positive reputation, 8 masking goes beyond everyday reputation management as it involves the concealment of a stigmatised identity, and presenting the self as though one does not have that identity. Although there may be unique aspects of autistic masking, 6 similar experiences have been reported for a range of other people with different stigmatised identities or experiences, for example, people who stutter, 9 people with social anxiety, [10][11][12] chronic pain, 13 chronic illness, 14,15 and sexual and gender minorities. 16,17 Masking thus may persist due to the stigmatisation of autistic people, and due to the prejudice they experience in wider society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Brief Report: Does Autistic Community Connectedness Moderate the Relationship Between Masking and Wellbeing?

Cage

Cranney

Botha

2022

Autism in Adulthood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Masking or camouflaging involves blending in or covering a stigmatised identity, to avoid discrimination and 'pass' within society. Autistic people often report masking, both intentionally and unintentionally, to get by in social situations. Autistic people who report high rates of masking also tend to experience poorer mental health. It is important we understand whether there are variables which can protect against the negative effects of masking. One such potential variable is autistic community connectednessbeing part of and belonging to the autistic community. Past research suggests autistic people benefit from being socially connected to other autistic people. We investigated whether autistic community connectedness could moderate the relationship between masking and wellbeing.Methods: One hundred and ninety-six autistic people completed an online survey including measures of autistic community connectedness, camouflaging autistic traits and mental wellbeing. We used moderation regression analysis to test whether autistic community connectedness acted as a buffer between masking and wellbeing.Results: Higher self-reported masking related to poorer mental wellbeing. Higher autistic community connectedness related to more positive wellbeing. Higher autistic community connectedness correlated with more masking. However, there was no interaction effect, and autistic community connectedness did not moderate the relationship between masking and wellbeing.Conclusions: Although autistic community connectedness did relate to more positive mental wellbeing overall, it did not moderate the negative relationship between masking and wellbeing. If masking relates to the prejudice faced by autistic people, those with greater attachment to the autistic community may also be more aware of discrimination against their community. Further, autistic people who are more connected might experience a higher salience of masking when moving between autistic and non-autistic settings. Tackling prejudice towards autistic people is critical in helping to protect autistic people against masking, and we must endeavour to change perceptions and increase inclusion of autistic people.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Brief Report: Does Autistic Community Connectedness Moderate the Relationship Between Masking and Wellbeing?

Cage

Cranney

Botha

2022

Autism in Adulthood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As children begin to reduce secondary behaviors, they will naturally be showing some stuttering and the therapist will begin to label it as “open stuttering.” “Open stuttering” can be defined as stuttering directly on the intended sound or word without use of avoidance or escape behaviors. 11 The therapist works with the child to approach the first sound of the word directly and allow stuttering to come out uninhibited. Some children will show some tense repetition, and some might block if they hold back.…”

Section: Therapy Concepts Rationales and Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Open stuttering" can be defined as stuttering directly on the intended sound or word without use of avoidance or Child-friendly treatment activities: Monitoring or catching a secondary behavior or "trick" in structured practice and spontaneous speech by signaling or tossing a token in a cup: becoming a speech detective escape behaviors. 11 The therapist works with the child to approach the first sound of the word directly and allow stuttering to come out uninhibited. Some children will show some tense repetition, and some might block if they hold back.…”

Section: Therapy Concepts Rationales and Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10] Children learn very early to mask stuttering as they receive messages that stuttering is something that needs to be fixed or hidden. Even with growing evidence that societal attitudes are among the roots of physical and emotional struggle from stuttering, 11 therapies for stuttering often place the problem within the child and the responsibility to fix it on the therapist. 12 The purpose of this article is to outline an acceptance-based therapy approach for children who stutter that encourages stigma-resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Avoidance Reduction Therapy for School-Age Children Who Stutter

Sisskin

Goldstein

2022

Semin Speech Lang

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Avoidance Reduction Therapy for Stuttering (ARTS) is a behavioral therapy for children and adults that incorporates speech therapy and counseling to reduce learned physical and socioemotional struggle that constitute the problem for the stutterer.a While stuttering is a neurodevelopmental difference, efforts to mask a stigmatized identity can contribute to avoidance, shame, and fear of speaking. This article provides theoretical foundations for therapy principles, describes the processes of self-acceptance and change, and outlines therapy goals and activities using child-friendly explanations and case study vignettes.

show abstract

“…40 Conceptualizing stuttering as a concealable, yet stigmatized condition, Gerlach et al found that concealment was a robust predictor of negatively impacted quality of life. 41 When these consequences are left untreated and unresolved in PWS, it is not difficult to envision how the workplace is one area capable of being impacted. 20,21,33,42,43 For PWS, stereotyping exists, 44 including stereotypes of one's own career capabilities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech Therapy and Earnings: Economic Benefits for Individuals Who Stutter

Briley

Jacobs

2022

Semin Speech Lang

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stuttering is a complex communication disorder with effects that extend beyond difficulty with communication. Negative thoughts and feelings by the person who stutters (PWS), about the disorder or themselves, may potentially lead to detrimental avoidance behaviors which may ultimately alter life choices and participation in life events. One such area is the labor market. Studies have revealed an association between stuttering and reduced earnings. What is not understood is whether provision of speech therapy for PWS can help mitigate the negative labor market impacts of this condition. This article discusses the disorder of stuttering and how approach versus avoidance responses can contribute to wage differentials among PWS, while also providing evidence of such differences using a nationally representative dataset. Additionally, this article outlines the potential benefits received from speech-language pathology services which may correlate with improved labor market outcomes.

show abstract

Relationships between stigma-identity constructs and psychological health outcomes among adults who stutter

Cited by 35 publications

References 78 publications

Brief Report: Does Autistic Community Connectedness Moderate the Relationship Between Masking and Wellbeing?

Brief Report: Does Autistic Community Connectedness Moderate the Relationship Between Masking and Wellbeing?

Avoidance Reduction Therapy for School-Age Children Who Stutter

Speech Therapy and Earnings: Economic Benefits for Individuals Who Stutter

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About