Relationships between soil solution composition and soil water content of Hungarian salt‐affected soils

Electrolytic Conductivity of Semiarid Soils (Southeastern Spain) in Relation to Ion Composition

“…For example, the two lower layers showed higher concentrations of Na þ , Mg 2 þ , Cl À and SO 4 2À than the top layer, while the concentrations of Ca 2 þ , K þ and NO 3 À were similar at all three depths. The mean SAR values showed an identical distribution pattern to the mean EC values due to the close correlation between both parameters Csillag et al, 1995;Darab et al, 1980;McNeal et al, 1970;Robbins, 1993;Robbins & Meyer, 1990;Simo´n et al, 1994). Maximum mean SAR values ( > 11) were observed at 60-90 cm.…”

“…Richards (1974) established a lineal relationship between EC and total dissolved salts (TDS), while other authors have demonstrated that a lineal correlation does not always exist between the EC and the corresponding ionic species Chang et al, 1983;Darab et al, 1980;Rhoades et al, 1989;Simo´n et al, 1994). The formation of ionic pairs, mainly Ca 2 þ , Mg 2 and SO 4 2 À ions (Alzubaidi & Webster, 1983;Timpson & Richardson, 1986), in highly saline solutions is the main cause of this anomaly, because ion mobility in the extract is decreased (Csillag et al, 1995;Darab et al, 1980;Marion & Babcock, 1976;Sposito, 1984). Therefore, the types of soluble salt and their concentration levels will directly influence the correlation model.…”

Applying multivariate methods to soil–solution interactions in carbonate media

“…Numerous authors have studied the relation between the soil solution and its properties and constituents (soil solution and its importance for knowledge about the genesis and ecological functions of soils). Csillag et al (1994) studied the relationship between the soil solution composition and the moisture content in salt-affected soils. They found that the absolute and relative Na + concentrations in the liquid phase increased as a result of decreasing soil water content.…”

Soil salinization in the agricultural lands of Rhodope District, northeastern Greece

“…Richards (1974) established a linear relationship between EC and total dissolved salts, while other authors have demonstrated that a linear correlation does not always exist between the EC and the corresponding ionic species (Alvarez et al 1997;Chang et al 1983;Darab et al 1980;Rhoades et al 1989;Simon et al 1994). The formation of ionic pairs, mainly Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and SO 2− 4 ions (Timpson and Richardson 1986), in highly saline solutions is the main cause of this anomaly, because ion mobility in the extract is decreased (Darab et al 1980; Csillag et al 1995;Marion and Babcock 1976;Sposito 1984). Therefore, the types of soluble salt and their concentration levels directly influence the correlation model.…”