Relationships between soft tissues in a posed smile and vertical cephalometric skeletal measurements

Tóth, E; Oliver, Dana; Hudson, J. Michael; Kim, Ki Beom

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.02.016

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Esthetically pleasant smile might enhance the self-confidence in social positions. [ 1 ] Dentofacial beauty is mainly significant to a person's psychosocial well-being, where persons with a regular dental look seem more socially nice-looking than those with malocclusions. Those with deprived dental esthetics have been related to need of self-confidence and are considered to be disadvantaged in social, educational, and occupational settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of smile characteristics of skeletal Class III compared to skeletal Class I female adults

Nouh¹,

Majeed

Selim

2021

J Orthodont Sci

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OBJECTIVE: Esthetic enhancement plays an important role in orthodontic treatment. This study was conducted on females as most girls have their growth spurt at a younger age than boys do, so their demand to facial esthetics, especially those who have residual growth of mandible producing class III effect, requires full understanding to smile features helping in diagnosis and treatment planning for maximum patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 30 skeletal Class III and Class I female adults (18–30 years old) who were divided equally into two groups comprising 15 each. Two frontal digital photographs were taken for each subject, one at rest and the other in the posed smile position. Photographs were taken for each subject in the natural head position by a Canon EOS 1200 D camera set on a tripod at a distance of 1.5 m. The incisogingival height of the right maxillary central incisor was clinically measured using a vernier caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. Photographs were uploaded on Photoshop software for standardization and then uploaded on the Digital Smile Design software (DSD) where the actual incisogingival height of the central incisor was used for automatic calibration. Esthetic components at rest and on smiling were measured for both groups; all linear variables were measured to the nearest 0.1 mm. RESULTS: Class III females tended to have wider smile widths, less gingival display, longer chin heights, shorter lower vertical dimensions, and a higher percentage of nonconsonant and flat smile arcs than Class I subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The components of the smile should be considered as a guide to help in planning and designing the mechanics during comprehensive orthodontic treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of smile characteristics of skeletal Class III compared to skeletal Class I female adults

Nouh¹,

Majeed

Selim

2021

J Orthodont Sci

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“…By photographing an object from at least two different planes, stereophotogrammetry creates a 3D reconstruction of the subject. Therefore, compared to conventional methods, stereophotogrammetry has the potential to offer a more thorough and in-depth assessment of a patient's craniofacial morphology [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reliability and Validity of 3d Stereophotogrammetric Measurements vs 2d and Direct Anthropometric Measurements: An in-Depth Comparative Analysis

Pal,

Banerjee

2023

PIJR

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Introduction- Quick capture times and usability has rendered 3D surface imaging technology to be used more frequently in craniofacial clinics and research facilities, making 3D digital stereophotogrammetry the preferred facial surface imaging technique. By doing away with the need for observer-dependent techniques to overlap anatomic landmarks, stereo-photogrammetry creates 3D images that can be enhanced, rotated, and rendered for better analysis with specialized software. The objective of the study is to compare, verify, and corroborate the fi Objective/Aim - ndings of both unilateral and bilateral measurements made by direct anthropometry and 2D photographs in 3 different facial types (Average, Short and Long) with that of 3D stereophotogrammetric measurements in order to present a costeffective alternative of 3D stereophotogrammetry. A cross-sectional observational study Materials And Methods - design was adopted to assess eight midline and seven bilateral distances on the faces of 36 participants of 3 different facial types. The same measurements were taken on two-dimensional (2D) images and three-dimensional (3D) models created from 2D images. For all measurements, interobserver consistency was obtained with 3 observers measuring the same dimension and the mean of those measurements were taken. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used for statistical analysis, and the difference between the absolute values of the three methods of measurement was calculated. Results - Direct anthropometry and two-dimensional (2D) measurement for unilateral reference points revealed the greatest variation for average facial types in the distances N-Prn (±0.053) and Sn-Ls (±0.061), while the greatest variation for long and short facial types was in the Ls-St distance (±0.115 and ±0.053, respectively). When comparing unilateral measurements made by direct anthropometry and three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric values, the identical Sn-Ls (±0.067) had the greatest fluctuation in average facial type and Ls-St changed in long and short facial types (±0.052 and ±0.109, respectively). The Cphr and Cphl had the most variation among the bilateral characteristics assessed among the three facial types using direct anthropometry and either 2D or 3D approaches. Thus, it can Conclusion - be concluded that 3D stereophotogrammetry can be used in place of the current gold standard of measurement i.e., direct measurement, in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

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“…It assigns various positive emotions including pleasure, endorsement, and humor. Esthetically pleasant smile might enhance the selfconfidence in social positions [2]. Dentofacial beauty is mainly significant to a person's psychosocial well being, where persons with a regular dental look seem more socially nice-looking than those with malocclusions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding radiation risks from dental cone-beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontic patients

Nouh¹,

Majeed

Nassef

2021

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

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Although Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has several advantages, it has a huge disadvantage regarding the amount of the exposure dose associated with its diagnostic assessment. The risks associated with using CBCT can be avoided by using another safe technique which is the Digital Smile Design (DSD). DSD is a global procedure depending on definite photographs and software analysis. In the present study, DSD was used as a substituted technique instead of CBCT to avoid radiation hazards accompanied by using CBCT and get a full understanding of smile features helping in diagnosis and treatment planning for maximum patient satisfaction. This study was carried out on adult patients from Class III and Class I. Two frontal digital photographs were taken for each subject, one at rest and the other in the posed smile position. Photographs were uploaded on Photoshop software for standardization and a reading for the incisogingival height of the right maxillary central incisor was conducted. The ratio of 7:5 was found to provide the most accurate image guided by the actual clinical height of the central incisor. The new standardized photos were uploaded on the DSD to be calibrated and measure all linear variables. It was found that Class III patients tended to have wider smile widths, less gingival display, longer chin heights, shorter lower vertical dimensions and a higher percentage of non-consonant and flat smile arcs than Class I subjects. It was concluded that the smile components estimated from DSD are almost typical to those obtained from CBCT, without exposure to radiation doses.

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Relationships between soft tissues in a posed smile and vertical cephalometric skeletal measurements

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of smile characteristics of skeletal Class III compared to skeletal Class I female adults

Evaluation of smile characteristics of skeletal Class III compared to skeletal Class I female adults

The Reliability and Validity of 3d Stereophotogrammetric Measurements vs 2d and Direct Anthropometric Measurements: An in-Depth Comparative Analysis

Avoiding radiation risks from dental cone-beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontic patients

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