Relationships between self-esteem, media influence and drive for thinness

Fernández, Sofía Berlanga; Pritchard, Mary E.

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.05.004

Cited by 84 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This effect of internalizing media images is seen in an Australian study that showed an increase in body dissatisfaction when male and female adolescents believe they are lacking, meaning they 'fail' to meet the social and cultural standards (Hargreaves & Tiggemann, 2004). This sense of lack results in an increase of societal pressure to meet the ideals set forth by the media, as demonstrated by studies of male and female adolescents in China (Chen & Jackson, 2012) and male and female college students in the United States (Chen & Jackson, 2012;Fernandez & Pritchard, 2012). According to sociocultural theory, this is why body image dissatisfaction has become normative in men and women in contemporary Western society (Tiggemann, 2011).…”

Section: Societal Pressure To Achieve the 'Ideal' Body Imagementioning

confidence: 89%

Media Influence on Drive for Thinness and Drive for Muscularity

Pritchard

Cramblitt

2014

Sex Roles

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The present study investigated relationships between media influence (exposure, selfcomparison to media ideals and internalization of media messages, societal pressure to have the perfect body, using media as a source of information about how to achieve a certain body ideal) and drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in 311 male and female undergraduates at a university in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. We hypothesized that drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in both women and men would relate to body comparison/ internalization, societal pressure, use of media for information, magazine consumption and television viewing. We also expected television and magazines would have different influences on men and women's drive for muscularity and drive for thinness. Finally, we hypothesized that societal pressure and using media as a source of information would mediate the relation between media exposure (number of magazines read, hours of television watched) and drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in women and men. Students completed surveys on-line. Results revealed using media as a source of information on how to attain the ideal body mediates the relationship between drive for thinness and media exposure in women. Overall, it seems that media and the internalization of general/ non-athletic body ideals may have an impact on drive for thinness in both men and women. Similarly, internalization of athletic body ideals may relate to drive for muscularity in both collegiate men and women in the U.S. Implications for counselors were discussed.

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Section: Societal Pressure To Achieve the 'Ideal' Body Imagementioning

confidence: 89%

Media Influence on Drive for Thinness and Drive for Muscularity

Pritchard

Cramblitt

2014

Sex Roles

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“…It seems that men who placed greater importance on the pursuit of a high social status were less likely to want to be thin. In another study, Fernandez and Pritchard (2012) showed that media internalization was associated with higher DT in college-aged men. Similarly, Tod, Edwards, and Hall (2013) found that media internalization was associated with higher DL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This view has been challenged by increasing evidence which indicates that men also experience significant body image concerns, and the rising prevalence of men diagnosed with eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia (Pope et al, 2005;Strother, Lemberg, Standford, & Turberville, 2012). While a significant number of men display problems at the clinical level, men in the general community also display subclinical levels of body image concerns that involve attitudes and behaviors associated with muscularity, leanness, and/or thinness (Bergeron & Tylka, 2007;Fernandez & Pritchard, 2012;Smolak & Murnen, 2008). These subclinical levels of body image concerns may involve health risk behaviors, such as the use of anabolic steroids to build muscle (Olivardia, Pope, Borowiecki, & Cohane, 2004) and frequent weight training (Tod, Hall, & Edwards, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men

et al. 2015

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Previous studies have separately examined conformity to masculine norms and internalization of body ideals in the media in relation to the drive for muscularity (DM). This study was designed to examine these factors together in relation to DM, and further examine how they may differ in relation to drive for thinness (DT) and drive for leanness (DL).Participants were 284 Australian males between ages 18 to 42. They completed validated measures that assessed DM, DT, DL, male gender role norms, and internalization of body ideals. The findings showed that internalization of body ideals mediated the relationship between masculine role norms and body image in the case of both DM and DL. However, masculine norms and internalization were independent predictors of DT. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the roles that the media and masculine norms have in shaping men's drive for muscularity, leanness, and thinness. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm the nature and direction of these relationships.

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“…Especially relevant is the role that mass media has on the dissemination of the message of extreme thinness in women (Bell & Dittmar, 2011). For that reason, men, especially who have a strong male ideology, do not feel the same pressure to lose weight than women (Fernandez & Pritchard, 2012). It is important to remark that thinness internalization is fostered by perceived pressure to be slim which is more important in women than in men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating concerns, body dissatisfaction, thinness internalization and antifat attitudes and their relationship with gender ideology in a sample of men

Magallares

2015

AN PSICOL-SPAIN

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Título: Preocupación por la comida, insatisfacción corporal, interiorización de la delgadez y actitudes antiobesos en su relación con las ideologías de género en una muestra de hombres. Resumen: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son mucho menos frecuentes en hombres que en mujeres. En este artículo se argumenta que esas diferencias pueden ser explicadas por las ideologías de género que tienen hombres y mujeres. La literatura sugiere que las mujeres interiorizan la normal social de delgadez y por esa razón acaban desarrollando preocupación por la comida e insatisfacción corporal con el paso del tiempo, mientras que los hombres externalizan el valor de la delgadez y es por ello que muestran más actitudes antiobesos que las mujeres. Los datos obtenidos de 450 estudiantes varones muestran que los participantes que puntuaban alto en ideología de género informaban de mayores actitudes antiobesos y menos interiorización de la delgadez, preocupación por la comida e insatisfacción corporal. Finalmente se discute porque los hombres y las mujeres adoptan diferentes estrategias para lidiar con la normal social de delgadez. Palabras clave: ideología de género; preocupación por la comida, insatisfacción corporal, interiorización de la delgadez, actitudes antiobesos.Abstract: Eating disorders are much less common in men than in women. In this paper it is argued that these differences may be explained by the gender ideology that men and women have. Literature suggests that women's ideology internalizes the social norm of slimness and for that reason may develop eating concerns and body dissatisfaction with the pass of the time, while men externalize the value of thinness and that is why they show greater antifat attitudes than women. Data obtained from 450 male students revealed that participants high in a gender ideology scale reported greater antifat attitudes and less thinness internalization, eating concerns and body dissatisfaction. Finally, it is discussed why men and women adopt different strategies to deal with the social norm of thinness.

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Relationships between self-esteem, media influence and drive for thinness

Cited by 84 publications

References 41 publications

Media Influence on Drive for Thinness and Drive for Muscularity

Media Influence on Drive for Thinness and Drive for Muscularity

Media internalization and conformity to traditional masculine norms in relation to body image concerns among men

Eating concerns, body dissatisfaction, thinness internalization and antifat attitudes and their relationship with gender ideology in a sample of men

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