Relationships between rumination, worry, intolerance of uncertainty and metacognitive beliefs

Psychometric properties of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire in a clinical sample

“…Responses on measures of worry and rumination correlate with one another and with measures of anxiety and depression (de Jong-Meyer, Beck, & Riede, 2009;Segerstorm, Tsao, Alden, & Craske, 2000;Watkins, 2004). Worry and rumination also share many characteristics (e.g., frequency, duration, intrusiveness, and controllability) and are associated with similar emotions .…”

“…Individuals also tend to appraise and respond to rumination and worry in similar ways (e.g., with distraction or reassurance seeking, Papageorgiou & Wells, 1999;Watkins, 2004;. Moreover, worry and rumination are both associated with constructs that have been shown to perpetuate emotional disorders, such as intolerance of uncertainty (de Jong- Meyer et al, 2009), metacognitive beliefs (Papageorgiou & Wells, 2001;Wells, 1995), thought control strategies (Watkins & Moulds, 2009), and avoidance (Borkovec, Alcaine, & Behaar, 2004;Moulds, Kandris, Starr, & Wong, 2007). In sum, there appear to be more similarities than differences in the various forms of RNT.…”

A regressional analysis of maladaptive rumination, illness perception and negative emotional outcomes in Asian patients suffering from depressive disorder

“…There are many established evidence to show significant association between rumination and depression (Muris et al, 2005;Roelofs et al, 2008;de Jong-Meyer et al, 2009;Michl et al, 2013). Rumination is reliably associated with vulnerability to depressed mood, onsets of depressive episodes, longer and more severe episodes of depression, as well as various depressive symptoms such as insomnia and suicidal thoughts (Gotlib et al, 1996;Abramson et al, 2002;Morrison and O'Connor, 2008).…”

Perceived Extent and Effectiveness of Reflection and Brooding in Relation to Depressed Mood

“…It follows that if people believe that ruminative strategies will lead to a greater understanding of their negative states of mind, then they may be more disposed to engaging in ruminative thinking in the event of aversive experiences or thoughts. Consistent with this, positive beliefs about rumination do appear to encourage the use of these sorts of coping response (Alfaraj et al 2009;Barnhofer et al 2007;de Jong-Meyer et al 2009;Watkins and Moulds 2005). Moreover, positive beliefs may interact with negative life events and negative stressors to exacerbate ruminative responding ).…”