Relationships between Polyphosphate Chemistry, Biochemistry and Apatite Biomineralization

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4 ): Occurrence and properties

“…Other types of sedimentary rocks can be composed of minerals precipitated from the dissolution products of igneous rocks or minerals produced by biomineralization ( Fig. 1; Omelon and Grynpas 2008). Thus, due to a sedimentary origin, both a general appearance and a chemical composition of natural phosphorites vary a lot (Jarvis 1994;Glenn 1994).…”

“…Reprinted from Ref. (Omelon and Grynpas 2008) with permission are usually in trace concentrations; however, for certain dopants (e.g., F…”

“…In biological systems, many organisms, ranging from bacteria and isolated cells to invertebrates and vertebrates, synthesize CaPO 4 (Omelon and Grynpas 2008). Formation of solid CaPO 4 in primitive organisms is believed to enable the storage and regulation of essential elements such as calcium, phosphorus and, possibly, magnesium.…”

Ion-association complexes unite classical and non-classical theories for the biomimetic nucleation of calcium phosphate

“…Biological calcium phosphate is rather ill-defined, best described as poorly crystalline, highly substituted apatite (AP) 7 and has recently been demonstrated to form via an amorphous precursor phase [8][9][10] . Already in the 1960s, biomimetic mineralization experiments were directed at understanding the formation mechanism of this mineral, and resulted in the precipitation of calcium phosphate with X-ray diffraction characteristics identical to those of the biological material 11 .…”

The early stage of polyphosphate accumulation in <i>saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: comparative study by extraction and DAPI staining

“…PolyP plays the key role in the processes of biomineralization and phosphorus homeostasis [6,7]. The cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under certain growth conditions are able to accumulate PolyP in great amounts strongly depending on the growth stage, culture conditions, and a carbon source [8,9].…”