“…The genome of Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus (CsIV) contains five gene families, cysteine motif, vankyrin, repeat element, N family, and vinnexin, and a putative sixth family, encoding polar-residue-rich proteins (53,60). While the cysteine motif (12,36) and vankyrin (31,32) proteins have been linked to disruption of host immunity, the roles of the other gene families have not been reported. The vinnexins (Vnx) are homologous to the innexins (54,55), one of two gene families which encode the structural units of gap junctions.…”