Relationships between muscle membrane lipids, fiber type, and enzyme activities in sedentary and exercised rats

Kriketos, Adamandia D.; Pan, Di; Sutton, J. R.; Hoh, J. F. Y.; Baur, Louise A.; Cooney, Greg; Jenkins, A. B.; Storlien, L. H.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.5.r1154

Cited by 60 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Irrespective of diet, EDL muscles contained more phospholipid C22:6 n-3 and C16:0 in preference to C18:0 when compared with SOL muscles, whereas SOL muscles had a preference for C18 FAs, C18:0, C18:1 n-9, and C18:2 n-6. This is consistent with previous studies (18,27). In addition, the content of n-3 and long-chain PUFAs was lower in SOL muscles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The effect of dietary fat content on phospholipid fatty acid profile is muscle fiber type dependent

Janovská

Hatzinikolas

Mano

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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IR has been linked to alterations and increased saturation in the phospholipid composition of skeletal muscles. We aimed to determine whether HFD feeding affects fatty acid (FA) membrane profile in a muscle fiber type-specific manner. We measured phospholipid FAs and expression of FA synthesis genes in oxidative soleus (SOL) and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from rats fed either standard chow (standard laboratory diet, SLD) or a HFD. The HFD increased fat mass, plasma insulin, and leptin levels. Compared with EDL, SOL muscles preferentially accumulated C18 over C16 FAs and n-6 over n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) on either diet. With the HFD, SOL muscles contained more n-9 monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and n-6 PUFAs and less n-7 MUFAs and n-3 PUFAs than EDL muscles and had lower unsaturation index, a pattern known to be associated with IR. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 expression was ϳ13-fold greater in EDL than in SOL muscles but did not change with the HFD in either muscle. The expression of Elongase-5 was higher, and that of Elongase-6 (Elovl6) was lower in EDL compared with SOL muscles with both diets. In EDL muscles, the expression of Elovl6 was lower in the HFD than in the SLD. The pattern of FA uptake, expression, and diet-induced changes in FA desaturating and elongating enzymes maintained higher FA unsaturation in EDL muscles. Accordingly, the fiber type composition of skeletal muscles and their distribution may be important in the development and progression of obesity and IR. skeletal muscle; stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase; elongases; obesity HIGH-FAT DIET (HFD) feeding leads to obesity in rodents as well as in humans (15, 17) and, in skeletal muscles, to an increase in the intracellular content of lipids and resistance to the actions of insulin (IR) and leptin.Skeletal muscle represents 40 -50% of the total body mass and is the major tissue responsible for whole body insulinstimulated glucose disposal. Skeletal muscle fibers are divided into three major categories, types I, IIa, and IIb. Type I fibers are slow-twitch, oxidative (SO) fibers with a high mitochondrial content; type IIa fibers are fast-twitch, oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers that are high in both mitochondrial and glycogenolytic enzymes; type IIb fibers are fast-twitch, glycolytic (FG) fibers that are high in the enzymes of glycogenolysis (22,59). Although the oxidative muscle fibers are highly dependent on lipids as a substrate, the glycolytic or oxidativeglycolytic fibers utilize either predominantly glucose or a fuel mixture with an important contribution of glucose as a substrate under normal feeding conditions (46). Oxidative muscles are more insulin sensitive and have a greater insulin binding capacity (5), kinase activity of insulin receptor (25), content of glucose transporter (GLUT)4 (26), and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (35) than glycolytic muscles. In obesity and IR, the distribution of fiber types is shifted from oxidative toward glycolytic muscle fibers (21).In skeletal muscle, saturated fatty acids (S...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The effect of dietary fat content on phospholipid fatty acid profile is muscle fiber type dependent

Janovská

Hatzinikolas

Mano

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Thus, in the absence of eNOS, exercise not only has no beneficial effects on impaired energy metabolism in oxidative skeletal muscle but even worsens the energetics. Yet it is generally accepted that voluntary activity elevates skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, although sometimes the positive effects are limited (5,33,47,57). Therefore, one may suggest that eNOS-derived NO is necessary for maintenance of the energy metabolism profile in oxidative skeletal muscle under exercise conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Koller et al (32) showed that short-term daily exercise increased the dilatory response of arterioles to NO in rat skeletal muscles. Exercise also increased the expression of eNOS in coronary vessels and the release of NO in skeletal muscle vessels in rats and mice (31,33). This adaptation might contribute to the increased functional capacity and cardioprotective effects associated with higher physical activity (for review, see Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary physical activity alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice

Momken

Lechêne

Ventura‐Clapier

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Momken, Iman, Patrick Lechêne, Renée Ventura-Clapier, and Vladimir Veksler. Voluntary physical activity alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H914 -H920, 2004; 10.1152/ajpheart.00651.2003.-One of the main factors that control vasoreactivity and angiogenesis is nitric oxide produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We recently showed that knocking out eNOS induces an important reduction of mitochondrial oxidative capacity in slow-twitch skeletal muscle. Here we investigated eNOS's role in physical activity and contribution to adaptation of muscle energy metabolism to exercise conditions. Physical capacity of mice null for the eNOS isoform (eNOSϪ/Ϫ) was estimated for 8 wk with a voluntary wheel-running protocol. In parallel, we studied energy metabolism enzyme profiles and their response to voluntary exercise in cardiac and slow-twitch soleus (Sol) and fast-twitch gastrocnemius (Gast) skeletal muscles. Weekly averaged running distance was two times lower for eNOSϪ/Ϫ (4.09 Ϯ 0.42 km/day) than for wild-type (WT; 7.74 Ϯ 0.42 km/day; P Ͻ 0.01) mice. Average maximal speed of running was also lower in eNOSϪ/Ϫ (17.2 Ϯ 1.4 m/min) than WT (21.2 Ϯ 0.9 m/min; P Ͻ 0.01) mice. Voluntary exercise influenced adaptation to exercise specifically in Sol muscle. Physical activity significantly increased Sol weight by 22% (P Ͻ 0.05) in WT but not eNOSϪ/Ϫ mice. WT Sol muscle did not change its metabolic profile in response to exercise, in contrast to eNOSϪ/Ϫ muscle, in which physical activity decreased cytochrome-c oxidase (COX; Ϫ36%; P Ͻ 0.05), citrate synthase (Ϫ37%; P Ͻ 0.06), and creatine kinase (Ϫ24%, P Ͻ 0.01) activities. Voluntary exercise did not change energy enzyme profile in heart (except for 39% increase in COX activity in WT) or Gast muscle. These results suggest that eNOS is necessary for maintaining a suitable physical capacity and that when eNOS is downregulated, even moderate exercise could worsen energy metabolism specifically in oxidative skeletal muscle. muscles; exercise; mitochondria; energy metabolism MANY VASOREACTIVE FACTORS contribute to maintain adequate blood flow in muscles under different physiological conditions. One of the main factors that control vasoreactivity and angiogenesis is endothelium-derived NO (1,14,42). This substance is produced in a reaction catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS), transforming L-arginine to L-citrulline. Among the NOS isoenzymes-neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS)-the latter is the major isoform expressed in endothelial cells throughout the vascular bed. Mice lacking eNOS show reduced angiogenic ability (41), and inhibition of NOS has been shown to inhibit vascular remodeling in rabbits (51). In turn, it has been demonstrated that the microcirculation is a determinant of oxidative capacity in skeletal muscles (22,27), and severe reductions in blood flow have been shown to deleteriously affect muscle oxidative capacity and related enzyme activities (3, 4). Recent data directly showed a...

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“…Human skeletal muscle is composed of both oxidative slow-twitch fibers and glycolytic fast-twitch fibers. Slow-twitch muscle fibers are more sensitive and responsive to insulin than fast-twitch fibers (13)(14)(15)(16) and are characterized by a high oxidative and low glycolytic capacity and an increased fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride accumulation compared with fast fibers (29,30). In view of these different metabolic characteristics, changes specific to muscle fiber type may contribute to the diabetic phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLUT4 Is Reduced in Slow Muscle Fibers of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

et al. 2001

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To gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying muscle insulin resistance, the influence of obesity and type 2 diabetes on GLUT4 immunoreactivity in slow and fast skeletal muscle fibers was studied. Through a newly developed, very sensitive method using immunohistochemistry combined with morphometry, GLUT4 density was found to be significantly higher in slow compared with fast fibers in biopsy specimens from lean and obese subjects. In contrast, in type 2 diabetic subjects, GLUT4 density was significantly lower in slow compared with fast fibers. GLUT4 density in slow fibers from diabetic patients was reduced by 9% compared with the weightmatched obese subjects and by 18% compared with the lean control group. The slow-fiber fraction was reduced to 86% in the obese subjects and to 75% in the diabetic subjects compared with the control group. Estimated GLUT4 contribution from slow fibers was reduced to 77% in the obese subjects and to 61% in type 2 diabetic patients compared with the control subjects. We propose that a reduction in the fraction of slow-twitch fibers, combined with a reduction in GLUT4 expression in slow fibers, may reduce the insulin-sensitive GLUT4 pool in type 2 diabetes and thus contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Diabetes 50:1324 -1329, 2001

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Relationships between muscle membrane lipids, fiber type, and enzyme activities in sedentary and exercised rats

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of dietary fat content on phospholipid fatty acid profile is muscle fiber type dependent

The effect of dietary fat content on phospholipid fatty acid profile is muscle fiber type dependent

Voluntary physical activity alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice

GLUT4 Is Reduced in Slow Muscle Fibers of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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