Relationships between measures of brain functions and general intelligence

Reitan, Ralph M.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198503)41:2<245::aid-jclp2270410219>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Indeed, they confirm the suggestion that ''an adjustment of expectation in performance on neuropsychological tests should be made with relation to IQ'' (Reitan, 1985). Similarly, these results add to the increasing body of literature supporting an association between IQ and specific neuropsychological tests including the Rey Complex Figure (Boone, Lesser, Hill-Gutierrez, Berman, & D'Elia, 1993) the PASAT (Brittain, La Marche, Reeder, Roth, & Boll, 1991), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (Uchiyama et al, 1994), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Wiens, McMinn, & Crossen, 1988), California Verbal Learning Test (Wiens, Tindall, & Crossen, 1994), and subtests from the Halstead-Reitan Battery (Kane, Parsons, & Goldstein, 1985;Sherer, Scott, Parsons, & Adams, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Myths of Neuropsychology: Intelligence, Neurometabolism, and Cognitive Ability

Jung

Yeo²,

Chiulli³

et al. 2000

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Recently, Dodrill (1999) revised a previously described "Myth of neuropsychology" (1997) to state: "Just as below average performances on neuropsychological tests are found when intelligence is below average, to that same degree above average performances on neuropsychological tests are expected when intellectual abilities are above average." This study addresses the relationship between intellectual and neuropsychological performance in the context of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of the neurometabolite N-acetylaspartate (NAA). When subjects were stratified by Full Scale IQ (Average, High Average, Superior) they differed significantly in terms of total neuropsychological performance [F(2,47) = 17.63; p <.001] and the neuronal marker NAA [F(2,47) = 3.25; p <.05]. Regression analysis across groups demonstrated that FSIQ and NAA were independently related to Total z-score [F(1,47) = 29.43; p <.0001] and accounted for over half the variance (r(2) of model =.56). The concurrent relationship of FSIQ and NAA to total neuropsychological performance suggests that the relationship between measures sensitive to intellectual ability and neuropsychological performance is real, and does not reflect arbitrary psychometric or scaling properties of the WAIS-III.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Myths of Neuropsychology: Intelligence, Neurometabolism, and Cognitive Ability

Jung

Yeo²,

Chiulli³

et al. 2000

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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“…Verbal fluency was assessed using the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (FAS; Benton and Hamsher 1976) and the Category Fluency test (Animal Naming; Lezak 1995); total correct was calculated for each. The Trail Making Test (A and B; Reitan 1985) was administered, and time to completion for parts A and B was recorded. Participants completed the Visual Memory subtest of the WMS-III, and total scores were determined for immediate recall (Part I) and delayed recall (Part II).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Speed and Neurodevelopment in Adolescent-Onset Psychosis: Cognitive Slowing Predicts Social Function

Bachman

Niendam

Jalbrzikowkski

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Onset of psychosis may be associated with abnormal adolescent neurodevelopment. Here we examined the neurocognitive profile of first-episode, adolescent onset psychosis (AOP) as compared to typically developing adolescents, and asked whether neurocognitive performance varied differentially as a function of age in the cases compared with controls. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered to 35 patients experiencing a first-episode of a DSM-IV psychotic disorder and to 31 matched controls. Clinicians also rated subjects’ social and role functioning, both at the time of neuropsychological assessment and 1 year later. Although patients displayed a wide range of impairments relative to controls, their most pronounced deficits included verbal memory, sensorimotor dexterity and cognitive processing speed. Among these, only processing speed showed a significant group-by-age interaction, consistent with an aberrant developmental course among AOP patients. Processing speed also accounted for substantial variance in other areas of deficit, and predicted social functioning 1 year later. AOP patients fail to show normal age-related increases in processing speed, which in turn predicts poorer functional outcomes. This pattern is consistent with the view that adolescent brain developmental processes, such as myelination, may be disrupted in these patients.

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“…Specifically, these studies reveal that groups of patients with left hemisphere involvement earn a lower mean VIQ relative to PIQ and that groups of patients with right hemisphere involvement earn a lower PIQ relative to VIQ. The most recent research to employ the W-B continues to confirm the relationship between cerebral lateralization and direction of VIQ-PIQ difference (Horn & Reitan, 1984; Reitan, 1985). Analyses of the magnitude of mean VIQ and PIQ differences in such samples of left vs. right hemisphere patients also have appeared to support the hypothesis that the sex of the examinee similarly has an effect on such cognitive functioning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Verbal IQ vs. performance IQ difference scores in males and females from the WAIS-R standardization sample

et al. 1986

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Clinical research that has used the Wechsler‐Bellevue and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales with patients who are suffering lateralized cerebral pathology had indicated distinct patterns of VIQ‐PIQ discrepancies related to laterality of hemispheric involvement. Research data also have been interpreted to suggest that VIQ‐PIQ discrepancy patterns differ as a function of the sex of the patient. However, this latter hypothesis finds less support in recent studies that have employed the newer Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Revised (WAIS‐R). This raises the possibility that, other than sex, manifest differences in VIQ‐PIQ discrepancies may be more a consequence of normative characteristics in successive editions of the Wechsler scales or of other factors that surround neurologic impairment. Moreover, to date, clinical and research evidence for biologic sex as a mediating factor in VIQ‐PIQ discrepancies has been interpreted in the absence of base rates for the distribution of such discrepancies, which occur in the normal population. Thus, the present study reports base rates for the magnitude, frequency, and direction of VIQ‐PIQ discrepancies found for the 940 males and 940 females who comprise the WAIS‐R standardization sample. No differences of consequence were noted in male vs. female VIQ‐PIQ discrepancies. Implications are discussed in the light of earlier and emergent research with the Wechsler scales.

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Relationships between measures of brain functions and general intelligence

Cited by 47 publications

References 9 publications

Myths of Neuropsychology: Intelligence, Neurometabolism, and Cognitive Ability

Myths of Neuropsychology: Intelligence, Neurometabolism, and Cognitive Ability

Processing Speed and Neurodevelopment in Adolescent-Onset Psychosis: Cognitive Slowing Predicts Social Function

Verbal IQ vs. performance IQ difference scores in males and females from the WAIS-R standardization sample

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