Relationships between Mass Mortality of Two Oak Species (Quercus mongolicaTurcz. var.grosseserrataRehd. et Wils. andQ. serrataThunb.) and Infestation by and Reproduction ofPlatypus quercivorus(Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)

Urano, Tadahisa

doi:10.1007/bf02762400

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Table 1. Number of P. quercivorus collected, date of first collection, number of entry holes, number of entry holes without a horizontal main tunnel, number of trees within a circle with a radius of 4 m centered on the investigated tree, the total basal area of those trees, and condition of every tree investigated 20011990Hijii et al, 1991;1994;200119591992;1993;1993;1997;2001;2001 56 , 1972;Elliott et al, 1983;Milligan et al, 1988;Milligan and Ytsma, 1988;Ytsma, 1989 QsN1, …”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of Mass Attack and Artificial Reproduction in Platypus quercivorus(Murayama)(Coleoptera: Platypodidae).

Kobayashi¹,

Ueda²

2003

Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Abstract:To demonstrate the process of occurrence of mass attack by Platypus quercivorus on living trees and the process of tree death after mass attack, the beetles landing on tree trunks of Quercus crispula and Q. serrata were collected with adhesive paper traps, and the number of entry holes bored by the beetles into the trunks were counted in Kyoto, Japan. Within one week after the first collection of the beetle, both the number of beetles collected and the number of entry holes bored by them suddenly reached a peak simultaneously and then decreased quickly. On the killed tree, it took three weeks from the first collection of the beetle to discoloration of all leaves. To reproduce the mass attack artificially, male beetles were introduced to two trees that had never suffered boring attacks until mid-August. As a result, many beetles landed on these trees and a large number of entry holes were bored. Moreover, almost all leaves of one of these trees had become discolored by 27 days after introduction of the beetles, and the tree had died by the following spring. These results suggest that the first entry holes bored by male beetles triggered the mass attack.

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Observation of Mass Attack and Artificial Reproduction in Platypus quercivorus(Murayama)(Coleoptera: Platypodidae).

Kobayashi¹,

Ueda²

2003

Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…In most situations in which ambrosia and bark beetles are vectors, the pathogens cause moderate damage and relatively small lesions develop when trees are artificially inoculated (114,120,161). In nature, these interactions result in severe damage or tree death only after mass attacks by the vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one of these diseases, laurel wilt, is clearly a systemic vascular wilt (51, 133). For most of these diseases, there is a more localized development of symptoms and tree and branch mortality depends on mass attack by the vectors and multiple infections by the symbionts (89,114,120,161).…”

Section: Ambrosia Beetle-associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these cases, the beetle alone is reported to cause significant damage on the host tree. In other situations, ambrosia beetle-associated damage relies on significant infestation by the insect and associated disease that is caused by moderately virulent symbionts (89,120,161). [In this article, "virulence" is used to denote the relative degree to which a pathogen affects a host (148).]…”

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Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

et al. 2013

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Diseases that are associated with ambrosia and bark beetles comprise some of the most significant problems that have emerged on trees in the last century. They are caused by fungi in the Ophiostomatales, Microascales and Hypocreales, and have vectors in the Scolytinae (ambrosia and bark beetles), Platypodinae (ambrosia beetles) and Hylesininae (bark beetles) subfamilies of the Curculionidae (Coleoptera) (73,102,144). Some of these problems, such as Dutch elm disease (DED), have a long history, have been extensively researched, and are fairly well understood (23,56,70,113,149,168,169). In contrast, other similar diseases developed recently and are poorly or partially understood (2,3,42,51,73,89,94,98,114,127,137,154,158, 164,165). Significant data gaps may exist for the ecology, epidemiology and management of the latter diseases.The emergence and unexpected importance of these tree diseases are discussed in thisarticle. An underlying factor in most of these interactions is the absence of a coevolved history between the so-called "naïve" or "new encounter" host trees and the pathogens and/or beetles (27,128,174). For the ambrosia beetles, these interactions are associated with susceptibility to what are typically benign fungi and atypical relationships with healthy trees (ambrosia beetles favor trees that are dead or stressed). Interestingly, the pathogens for both the ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases often have symbiotic relationships with the insects that are not based on phytopathogenicity. Some of the most alarming and damaging of these diseases are considered below as "black swan events" (155).Black Swans. Before 1697, improbable events and situations in Europe were known as "black swans" (at the time, all swans known to Europeans were white) (134). In that year, the black swan, Cygnus atratus, was discovered in Western Australia (38). Thereafter, "black swan" developed as a metaphor for a supposed impossibility that is contradicted with new information.For example, John Stuart Mill used black swan logical fallacy when identifying falsification, a key component in the scientific method (68).In a recent book, Taleb (155) developed Black Swan Theory (BST). Unlike the "black swan" to which Mill referred (68), BST focuses on unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence (155). Taleb (155) recognized such events in diverse fields including finance, history, science and technology. He suggested that black swan events: 1) have extreme impacts; 2) lie outside the realm of regular expectations (they are rare); and 3) are unpredictable.Although all ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases are not black swan events, several do fulfill the above criteria since they have large impacts, are uncommon surprises and are unpredictable (2,3,51,56,73,89,94,98,114,137,154,158, 164,165) (Table 1). They are typically understood and appreciated only with the benefit of hindsight and subsequent research.The Beetles and Beetle-associated Tree Diseases. The order Coleoptera contains more species than any other or...

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“…These results suggests that the attacks of Platypus quercivorus can be controlled by intensive treatment on tree trunks on down-hill facing surface near root collar, on which attack density will be higher than any other parts of trunks. Hijii et al 19911995Igeta et al 2003Hijii et al 199119942001 1.5 m 10 cm…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Attack Distribution of the Oak Borer Platypus quercivorus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) on the Trunk Surfaces of Newly Infested Trees.

Esaki¹,

Kato²,

Kamata³

2009

J. Jpn. For. Soc.

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Relationships between Mass Mortality of Two Oak Species (Quercus mongolicaTurcz. var.grosseserrataRehd. et Wils. andQ. serrataThunb.) and Infestation by and Reproduction ofPlatypus quercivorus(Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Observation of Mass Attack and Artificial Reproduction in Platypus quercivorus(Murayama)(Coleoptera: Platypodidae).

Observation of Mass Attack and Artificial Reproduction in Platypus quercivorus(Murayama)(Coleoptera: Platypodidae).

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

Early Attack Distribution of the Oak Borer Platypus quercivorus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) on the Trunk Surfaces of Newly Infested Trees.

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