Relationships between macro-fungal dark diversity and habitat parameters using LiDAR

Valdez, Jose W.; Brunbjerg, Ane Kirstine; Fløjgaard, Camilla; Dalby, Lars; Clausen, Kevin Kuhlmann; Pärtel, Meelis; Pfeifer, Norbert; Hollaus, Markus; Wimmer, Michael; Ejrnæs, Rasmus; Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101054

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…This illustrates the strengths of lidar for characterizing habitats but also emphasizes that it cannot fully stand alone even when thoroughly using all the information in a lidar point cloud as we did here. This finding is supported by recent studies, e.g., by Valdez et al (2021) who studied the characteristics of high-dark-diversity fungal communities and by Zellweger et al (2016) who shed light on the relative importance of abiotic vs. structural factors for species richness at landscape scale in Swiss forests. It is notoriously difficult to estimate soil chemistry and -type using lidar (but see Li et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Today, the details from lidar data are so good that vegetation structure even in non-woody habitats with low vegetation can often be retrieved. For this reason, lidar is increasingly used in studies of local-scale ecology and biodiversity (de Vries et al 2021; Moeslund et al 2019; Mäyrä et al 2021), although it has never been used for studying plant dark diversity (but see Valdez et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The characteristics of high-dark-diversity habitats derived from lidar

Moeslund

Clausen

Dalby

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A key aspect of nature conservation is knowledge of which aspects of nature to conserve or restore to favor the characteristic diversity of plants in a given area. Here, we used a large plant dataset with > 40.000 plots combined with airborne laser scanning (lidar) data to reveal the local characteristics of habitats having a high plant dark diversity - i.e., absence of suitable species - at national extent (> 43.000 km2). Such habitats have potential for reaching high realized diversity levels and hence are important in a conservation context. We calculated 10 different lidar based metrics (both terrain and vegetation structure) and combined these with 7 different field-based measures (soil chemistry and species indicators). We then used Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation for modelling plant dark diversity across 33 North European habitat types (open landscapes and forests) selected by the European communities to be important. In open habitat types high-dark-diversity habitats had relatively low pH, high nitrogen content, tall homogenous vegetation and overall relatively homogenous terrains (high terrain openness) although with a rather high degree of local microtopographical variations. High-dark-diversity habitats in forests had relatively tall vegetation, few natural-forest indicators, low potential solar radiation input and a low cover of small woody plants. Our results highlight important vegetation, terrain and soil related factors that managers and policymakers should be aware of in conservation and restoration projects to ensure a natural plant diversity, for example low nutrient loads, natural microtopography and open forests with old-growth elements such as dead wood and rot attacks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics of high-dark-diversity habitats derived from lidar

Moeslund

Clausen

Dalby

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The lidar variables represented both site mean values and standard deviation values to reflect variability within sites. The set of lidar variables encompassed: potential solar radiation (mean and std), adjusted solar radiation (i.e., solar radiation adjusted for vegetation cover; mean and std), amplitude (uncalibrated, but corrected for aircraft type and seasonality, see Valdez et al 2021), vegetation height (mean and std), vegetation cover (mean, std), mean vegetation density at 0-100 cm, 1 m-3 m, 3 m-10 m and 10 m-50 m, canopy openness (mean, std), terrain openness (mean, std), terrain slope (mean, std), echo ratio (i.e., canopy complexity; mean, std), heat load (std) and mean finescale (0.5m) terrain roughness (Appendix C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all lidar processing and calculation, we used the OPALS tools (Pfeifer et al 2014) version 2.3.1 in a Python 2.7 environment. For further details see Valdez et al (2021). The lidar variables represented both site mean values and standard deviation values to reflect variability within sites.…”

Section: Lidar-based Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in wetland restoration under eutrophic conditions

Brunbjerg

Fløjgaard

Frøslev

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wetlands are important habitats, often threatened by drainage, eutrophication and suppression of ungulate grazing. In many countries, considerable resources are spent combatting scrub encroachment. Here, we hypothesize that encroachment may benefit biodiversity especially under eutrophic conditions where asymmetric competition among plants compromises conservation targets. We studied the effects of scrub cover, nutrient levels and soil moisture on richness of vascular plants, bryophytes, soil fungi and microbes in open and overgrown wetlands. We also tested the effect of encroachment, eutrophication and soil moisture on indicators of conservation value (red-listed species, indicator species and uniqueness). Plant and bryophyte species richness peaked at low soil fertility, whereas soil fertility promoted soil microbes. Soil fungi responded negatively to increasing soil moisture. Lidar-derived variables reflecting degree of scrub cover had predominantly positive effects on species richness measures. Conservation value indicators had a negative relationship to soil fertility and a positive to encroachment. For plant indicator species, the negative effect of high nutrient levels was offset by encroachment, supporting our hypothesis of competitive release under shade. The positive effect of soil moisture on indicator species was strong in open habitats only. Nutrient poor mires and meadows host many rare species and require conservation management by grazing and natural hydrology. On former arable lands, where restoration of infertile conditions is unfeasible, we recommend rewilding with opportunities for encroachment towards semi-open willow scrub and swamp forest, with the prospect of high species richness in bryophytes, fungi and soil microbes and competitive release in the herb layer.

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Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions

Brunbjerg

Fløjgaard

Frøslev

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Wetlands are important habitats, often threatened by drainage, eutrophication, and suppression of grazing. In many countries, considerable resources are spent combatting scrub encroachment. Here, we hypothesize that encroachment may benefit biodiversity—especially under eutrophic conditions where asymmetric competition among plants compromises conservation targets. We studied the effects of scrub cover, nutrient levels, and soil moisture on the richness of vascular plants, bryophytes, soil fungi, and microbes in open and overgrown wetlands. We also tested the effect of encroachment, eutrophication, and soil moisture on indicators of conservation value (red‐listed species, indicator species, and uniqueness). Plant and bryophyte species richness peaked at low soil fertility, whereas soil fertility promoted soil microbes. Soil fungi responded negatively to increasing soil moisture. Lidar‐derived variables reflecting the degree of scrub cover had predominantly positive effects on species richness measures. Conservation value indicators had a negative relationship to soil fertility and a positive to encroachment. For plant indicator species, the negative effect of high nutrient levels was offset by encroachment, supporting our hypothesis of competitive release under shade. The positive effect of soil moisture on indicator species was strong in open habitats only. Nutrient‐poor mires and meadows host many rare species and require conservation management by grazing and natural hydrology. On former agricultural lands, where restoration of infertile conditions is unfeasible, we recommend rewilding with opportunities for encroachment toward semi‐open willow scrub and swamp forest, with the prospect of high species richness in bryophytes, fungi, and soil microbes and competitive release in the herb layer.

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Relationships between macro-fungal dark diversity and habitat parameters using LiDAR

Cited by 7 publications

References 108 publications

The characteristics of high-dark-diversity habitats derived from lidar

The characteristics of high-dark-diversity habitats derived from lidar

Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in wetland restoration under eutrophic conditions

Scrub encroachment promotes biodiversity in temperate European wetlands under eutrophic conditions

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