Relationships between Individual and Social Resources, Anxiety and Depression in the Early Lockdown Stage by the COVID-19 in Chile

Abstract

The coronavirus disease has exposed the population to psychosocial threats that could increase mental health problems. This research analyzed the relationships between emotional states (negative [−EWB] and positive [+EWB] experienced well-being), personal resources (resilient coping [RC]), dispositional resources (control beliefs about stress [BAS]), and social resources (social support [SS]), and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of the Chilean population (n = 592), who answered an online questionnaire. Multiple and moderated multiple regression analyses were carried out. Depressive symptoms showed a positive relationship with −EWB (β = 0.805; p < 0.001) and negative relationship with +EWB (β = −0.312; p < 0.001), RC (β = −0.089; p < 0.01), BAS (β = −0.183; p < 0.001) and SS (β = −0.082; p < 0.001). Anxiety symptoms showed a positive relationship with -EWB (β = 0.568; p < 0.001), and a negative relationship with +EWB (β = −0.101; p < 0.03) and BAS (β = −0.092; p < 0.001). BAS moderated the relationship between experienced well-being and depression symptoms, and RC moderated the relationship between experienced well-being with both depression and anxiety symptoms. Findings confirm the buffering effect of personal and dispositional resources when facing a sanitary and social crisis. Moreover, they help to understand the role of internal psychological processes during a crisis and how to cope with life-threatening events.

Types and Sources of Social Support Accessible to University Students with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…In contrast, access to social resources negatively associates with feelings of distress in the general population [38]. Thus, for students with disabilities, access to emotional support from their friends could be a practical resource to mitigate the impacts of social isolation.…”

Internal and external self-affirmation resources: validation and assessment of psychometric properties of the spontaneous self-affirmation measure using structural equation modeling

“… Grawe (1997) describes resource activation as an unspecific cross-therapeutic mechanism of action in psychotherapy and its positive effects have been demonstrated in numerous studies (e.g., Goldbach et al, 2023 ). In the literature, resources are frequently divided into personal/individual (internal) and social (external) resources (e.g., Martin, 2002 ; Holmgreen et al, 2017 ; Salgado et al, 2022 ; Siegwart et al, 2022 ). Examples of internal resources are personal mastery beliefs (beliefs that one has the ability to control outcomes), self-efficacy beliefs, resilient coping, optimism, and a sense of coherence.…”

“…Examples of internal resources are personal mastery beliefs (beliefs that one has the ability to control outcomes), self-efficacy beliefs, resilient coping, optimism, and a sense of coherence. Examples of external resources are social integration, emotional support from others, material support, information, advice, spiritual benefits (for religious people, e.g., going to church) social support, parental support, peer integration and school integration ( National Research Council, 2003 ; Salgado et al, 2022 ; Siegwart et al, 2022 ). The self-affirmation factors Strengths , Values , and Social relations seem to fit well within this wider resource framework.…”