Relationships between grazing animals and populations of the pasture insects<i>Costelytra zealandica</i>(White) and<i>Inopus rubriceps</i>(Macquart)

Dixon, G. M.; Campbell, A. G.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1978.10427415

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In December 1979, fensul.fothion at 3.0 kg a.i. per ha was broadcast by hand-operated spreader over 12 plots in a 1.88 ha Mock of the stocking-rate trial descr~bed by Dixon & Campbell (1978) and RDberts'On et al (1980). A similar bl'Ock was left untreated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation on Australian soldier fly,Inopus rubriceps(Diptera: Stratiomyidae), in pasture

Robertson

Firth

Davison

1981

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Invertebrate predation on the soil-living stages of Australian so'ldier fly may be a significant factor in the regulation of thi's pest of North Island grasslands. La:bora'tory and field experiments on larvae of Conoderus exsul and Agrypnus variabilis (ElateI'idae), 'adults and larvae of Thyreocephalus orthodoxus (Staphylinidae), and aduIts '()If Rhytisternus miser (Carabidae) suggest that a'll may influence the densities of soldier fly through predation on larvae and/or eggs. The functional responses of C. exsul, A. variabilis, and T. orthodoxus to soldier fly larval density are discussed. Selective removal of predators from pasture with insecticide sh'Owed that predation may aocount for up to 75% loss 'of the early 'instars of soldier fly.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation on Australian soldier fly,Inopus rubriceps(Diptera: Stratiomyidae), in pasture

Robertson

Firth

Davison

1981

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…The phenomenon of reduced recruitment of new larvae has also been demonstrated under high stocking rates in the Waikato (Dixon & Campbell 1978. trapped fewer fliesover the short, high stocked pasture than over adjacent laxly grazed swards and suggested that the observed lower recruitment of new larvae was, at least partially, a result of less oviposition in short pastures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pasture management to control Australian soldier fly

Robertson

Davison

Firth

1981

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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In New Zealand, the Australian soldier fly, Inopus rubriceps (Macquart) has two peaks of emergence and egg laying per year. The eggs are laid into pasture during late spring (November-December) and autumn (March-April) and close grazing of the sward at these times limits the recruitment of new larvae into the soil populations. Hard grazing (taking pasture to 500 kgha:' DM standing) at the peaks of flights resulted in an estimated 75-80% control of soldier fly larvae when applied for 5 consecutive flight seasons (2.5 years). Grazing of moderate intensity (to 1000-1500 kg ha' DM) reduced population densities by 45-60% over the same period. The effects of close grazing on soldier fly densities were cumulative. One grazing in the week of peak flights was found to be as effective as up to four separate grazings over the extended pupation, emergence, flight, and egg laying periods. The effect of close grazing was to create unfavourable soil microclimatic conditions for egg survival in particular.

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“…Breeding ewes could be used while their feed requirements are low between weaning and flushing (e.g., Jagusch & Coop 1971;Rattray 1978), the young stock grazing elsewhere on the property. Alternatively, a 'sacrifice' flock could be used for wool production and pest control (Dixon & Campbell 1978).…”

Section: Control Of Grass Grub By Summer Grazing Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies in the Waikato have shown that grass grub populations decline from high to low levels as stocking rate increases over the range 9 to 20-25 stock units per ha (Kain & Atkinson 1970;Dixon & Campbell 1978;East 1980a). In a stockingrate experiment with sheep, Dixon & Campbell observed that per-ha Iiveweight gain and wool production were maximum at stocking rates which suppressed grass grub populations to an insignificant level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pasture defoliation in summer on grass grub (Costelytra zelandica) populations

East

Willoughby

1980

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Life table studies of grass grub populations at Rukuhia in plots set-stocked with sheep under hard grazing (pasture height maintained at 2-4 cm) and lax grazing (average pasture height 15-20 cm) revealed significantly higher summer (P <0.01) and total generation (P <0.05) mortalities and a markedly greater population decline in the former treatment. This difference appeared to be caused mainly by the effects of summer pasture cover on soil temperature. These studies and mowing experiments on Horotiu sandy loam and Taupo ash soils showed that the reduction of summer pasture cover to a height of 5 cm (approximately 1500--2000 kglha DM) or less can result in a 50--80% reduction in autumn grass grub populations, compared with more laxly defoliated or uncut pasture. These higher summer mortalities under short pasture occurred when defoliation coincided with periods of 4 weeks or more when soil moisture was low enough to suppress pasture regrowth and to allow soil temperature to reach levels lethal to second-and third-instar grass grubs (32.5-35.0°C). Irrigation, shading, and summer rainfall all prevented soil temperature from reaching the lethal range, and resulted in summer defoliation having little or no effect on grass grub numbers. Possible causal factors and practical implications of these observations are discussed.

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Relationships between grazing animals and populations of the pasture insectsCostelytra zealandica(White) andInopus rubriceps(Macquart)

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Predation on Australian soldier fly,Inopus rubriceps(Diptera: Stratiomyidae), in pasture

Predation on Australian soldier fly,Inopus rubriceps(Diptera: Stratiomyidae), in pasture

Pasture management to control Australian soldier fly

Effects of pasture defoliation in summer on grass grub (Costelytra zelandica) populations

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