Relationships Between Flooding Tolerance, Life History, and Short-Term Competitive Performance in Three Species of Polygonum

Carter, Mark F.; Grace, James B.

doi:10.2307/2444724

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Stress was a factor in this study, however, as shown by the decreased growth of most parameters for older individuals. Studies have shown that P. persicaria exhibits a high degree of root plasticity in various moisture conditions, but a reduction in biomass by 80% when grown in dry soil (Sultan & Bazzaz 1993;Bell & Sultan 1999), and other species of Polygonum showed biomass reductions in drained soil conditions (Carter & Grace 1990). The same effect of reduced growth for P. persicaria was also shown in delayed flooding experiments, where periodic flooding reduced root growth more than continuously flooded conditions (Bell & Sultan 1999;Sultan 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Water stress interacts with early arrival to influence interspecific and intraspecific priority competition: a test using a greenhouse study

Moore

Franklin

2012

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Do species arriving early (priority effect) to a site have a competitive advantage over species arriving later? Does early arrival aid in species ability to tolerate water stress? Is intra‐ and interspecific competition different for early and late arrivers? Location Greenhouse, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA. Methods A 1‐mo ‘head start’ in the greenhouse was used to simulate early arrival of Panicum capillare and Polygonum persicaria. We used a completely randomized design to examine the effects of water stress (drained, drought, flood) and priority competition (interspecific and intraspecific) in relation to species’ cohort [older (established) and younger (novel) individuals planted in different combinations]. We calculated increases in root and shoot weights, total biomass, root/shoot ratios, height, leaf number and length of longest leaf. All dependent variables were analysed using MANOVA and individual GLM ANOVAs. Results Increases in shoot and root biomass were significantly affected by water stress but the effects were species‐ and priority level‐specific. Root biomass for established individuals was significantly reduced after flooding and drought. Shoot biomass was least for drought and flood treatments of both older and younger P. persicaria, but older and younger P. capillare were unaffected. There were species‐specific priority differences (i.e. greater for older individuals) for shoot height and increases in leaf number; however, the opposite was seen for increases in leaf length. Conclusions In terms of community assembly, neither species appears to have an advantage in relation to competition or water stress, as both seem plastic and are negatively affected by flood and drought stress. The greater impact of older P. persicaria on P. capillare is the only advantage P. persicaria seems to have in the greenhouse. Correlating this to natural conditions, it appears that chance in reaching a site first plays a major role in P. persicaria's colonization success. This study provides evidence of the impacts of arrival time on subsequent physiological and competitive abilities of plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Water stress interacts with early arrival to influence interspecific and intraspecific priority competition: a test using a greenhouse study

Moore

Franklin

2012

J Vegetation Science

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“…(barnyardgrass), a grass naturalized from Eurasia, and Polygonum lapathifolium L. (dockleaved smartweed), a native forb. These are two annuals known to establish rapidly in restored prairie pothole wetlands (Eggers & Reed 1987), to produce large quantities of biomass (Hammerton & Stone 1966;Barrett & Wilson 1981), and to reduce biomass production of competing species (Jones 1933;Roche & Muzik 1964;Hammerton 1967;Kennedy et al 1980;Carter & Grace 1990).…”

Section: Restoration Ecology September 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test of Two Annual Cover Crops for Controlling Phalaris arundinacea Invasion in Restored Sedge Meadow Wetlands

Perry

Galatowitsch

2003

Restoration Ecology

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Rapid establishment by aggressive plants such as Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) often interferes with sedge meadow establishment in restored prairie pothole wetlands in the mid‐continental United States. Introducing a cover crop during community establishment might suppress P. arundinacea invasion in restored prairie potholes by reducing resource availability. We evaluated two potential cover crops, Echinochloa crusgalli (barnyardgrass) and Polygonum lapathifolium (nodding smartweed), for suppressing P. arundinacea invasion in an experimental wetland using replacement series competition experiments. Further, we assessed the effects of E. crusgalli and P. lapathifolium on sedge meadow establishment by sowing Carex hystericina, a common wetland sedge, as a third species at a constant density in the replacement experiments. Echinochloa crusgalli, compared with no cover crop, reduced P. arundinacea biomass by more than 1,000 g/m2 (65%) after two growing seasons. Polygonum lapathifolium did not affect P. arundinacea biomass. Dense E. crusgalli canopies in the first year and thick E. crusgalli thatch in the second year substantially reduced light availability for P. arundinacea establishment. Echinochloa crusgalli also reduced C. hystericina biomass by more than 1,800 g/m2 (99%) after two growing seasons. Carex hystericina biomass was similar in plots sown with E. crusgalli to P. arundinacea monocultures. Neither E. crusgalli nor P. lapathifolium is likely to improve sedge meadow restoration success. These trends were not sensitive to initial sowing density or elevation above water level. Without methods to suppress P. arundinacea invasions, sedge meadow restorations may often fail. Thorough site preparation to remove P. arundinacea propagule sources before restoration is essential.

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“…Mechanical support may be required to prevent collapse of roots with large air spaces and to reduce radial oxygen loss, as strengthened exodermis, wall thickenings, and depositions of lignin and suberin have been observed in many wetland species with aerenchymatous roots (Seago et al 1999;Visser et al 2000b;Vasellati et al 2001). Tolerance to waterlogging has been suggested to come at the cost of competitive ability, due to increased investments in mechanisms of tolerance instead of growth (Carter and Grace 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints of root response to waterlogging in Alisma triviale

2011

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To understand the economics of root aerenchyma formation in wetland plants, we investigated in detail the response of Alisma triviale to waterlogging. We hypothesized costs being associated with development of a large root air space. In three out-door pot experiments, seedlings (1 experiment) and mature plants (2 experiments) were grown under waterlogged and drained conditions for up to 2 months. Waterlogging promoted growth, and was associated with increased root porosity and decreased root density (fresh mass per volume). The increased formation of aerenchyma was associated with a higher root dry matter content for a given root density. Despite improved growth and earlier flowering, the waterlogged plants also showed signs of being constrained by the anoxic substrate, such as shallower roots, and a higher leaf dry matter content. The formation of aerenchyma was associated with costs, such as increased root dry matter content and reduced metaxylem vessel diameter. The faster growth of the seedlings under the waterlogged conditions, despite some signs of being stressed, was possibly a result of decreased requirements to allocate biomass below ground. In mature plants the increased aerenchyma allowed deeper root penetration, and ameliorated the effects of anoxia, reducing the differences in plant traits between the treatments.

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Relationships Between Flooding Tolerance, Life History, and Short-Term Competitive Performance in Three Species of Polygonum

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Water stress interacts with early arrival to influence interspecific and intraspecific priority competition: a test using a greenhouse study

Water stress interacts with early arrival to influence interspecific and intraspecific priority competition: a test using a greenhouse study

A Test of Two Annual Cover Crops for Controlling Phalaris arundinacea Invasion in Restored Sedge Meadow Wetlands

Constraints of root response to waterlogging in Alisma triviale

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