“…Otoliths are used in stomach content studies because they are among the species-specific features last to be digested by piscivorous predators (e.g., fish, sea birds, marine mammals); thus, otoliths can be used as a tool for reconstructing predator diet and estimating the size of preyed fish (e.g., Granadeiro & Silva 2000, Harvey et al 2000, Longenecker 2008, Kasapoglu & Duzgunes, 2013, Lalas et al 2014, Zan et al 2015. Overall, the relations described in this work for lionfish in the PNAA can provide baseline data to detect lionfish presence and calculate its size based on otoliths found in stomachs of potential fish predators (i.e., groupers, snappers, jacks).…”