Relationships between external sexually dimorphic characteristics and internal gonadal morphology in a sex‐changing fish

G, Scarsella; Gresham, J. D.; Earley, Ryan L.

doi:10.1111/jzo.12546

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The number and length of gill filaments was measured in whole mounts of the leftside arches. Sex was assessed based on external morphology (Scarsella et al, 2018) and appearance of ovarian tissue in the gonads. All embryos were collected and fixed in DNA preservative (see above) for genetic identification.…”

Section: Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged survival out of water is linked to a slow pace of life in a selfing amphibious fish

Turko

Doherty

Yin‐Liao

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Metabolic rate and life-history traits vary widely both among and within species, reflecting trade-offs in energy allocation, but the proximate and ultimate causes of variation are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that these trade-offs are mediated by environmental heterogeneity, using isogenic strains of the amphibious fish Kryptolebias marmoratus that vary in the amount of time each can survive out of water. Consistent with pace of life theory, the strain that survived air exposure the longest generally exhibited a 'slow' phenotype, including the lowest metabolic rate, largest scope for metabolic depression, slowest consumption of energy stores and least investment in reproduction under standard conditions. Growth rates were fastest in the otherwise slow strain, however. We then tested for fitness trade-offs between 'fast' and 'slow' strains using microcosms where fish were held either with constant water availability or under fluctuating conditions where water was absent for half of the experiment. Under both conditions the slow strain grew larger and was in better condition, and under fluctuating conditions the slow strain produced more embryos. However, the fast strain had larger adult population sizes under both conditions, indicating that fecundity is not the sole determinant of population size in this species. We conclude that genetically based differences in the pace of life of amphibious fish determine survival duration out of water. Relatively slow fish tended to perform better under conditions of limited water availability, but there was no detectable cost under control conditions. Thus, pace of life differences may reflect a conditionally neutral instead of antagonistic trade-off.

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Section: Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged survival out of water is linked to a slow pace of life in a selfing amphibious fish

Turko

Doherty

Yin‐Liao

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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show abstract

“…Because performance can be sex‐specific (Berwaerts, Matthysen, & Dyck, ) and because self‐fertilizing hermaphrodites predominate in natural populations (Turner, Fisher, Taylor, Davis, & Jarrett, ), we excluded any males from the jumping trials. Males were excluded based on sexually dimorphic characteristics (i.e., the presence of orange freckling anywhere on the body) (Scarsella, Gresham, & Earley, ; Soto & Noakes, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of the morphology‐performance axis in an amphibious fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)

et al. 2017

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Establishing links between morphology and performance is important for understanding the functional, ecological, and evolutionary implications of morphological diversity. Relationships between morphology and performance are expected to be age dependent if, at different points during ontogeny, animals must perform in different capacities to achieve high fitness returns. Few studies have examined how the relationship between form and function changes across ontogeny. Here, we assess this relationship in the amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) fish, a species that is both capable of and reliant on "tail-flip jumping" for terrestrial locomotion. Tail-flip jumping entails an individual transferring its weight to the caudal region of the body, launching itself from the substrate to navigate to new aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. By combining repeated trials of jumping performance in 237 individuals from distinct age classes with a clearing and staining procedure to visualize bones in the caudal region, we test the hypotheses that as age increases (i) average jumping performance (body lengths jumped) will increase, (ii) the amount of variation for each trait will change, and (iii) the patterns of covariation/correlation among traits, which tell us about the integration of form with function, will also change. We find a significant increase in size-adjusted jumping performance with age, and modification to the correlation structure among traits across ontogeny. However, we also find that significant links between form and function evident in young animals disappear at later ontogenetic stages. Our study suggests that different functional mechanisms may be associated with high performance at different stages of development.

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“…Mass was obtained by dabbing the fish on a clean paper towel to remove excess water, placing it into two small plastic weigh boats taped together to form a "clam" (to prevent the fish from jumping out), and weighed on a digital balance tared to the mass of the weigh boats. Fish were assessed for the morphological characters that accompany sex change (orange freckles or orange skin) as described in Scarsella et al (2018). At 90 dph, a large marble-sized ball of synthetic poly-fiber was suspended from the top of each cup to create an egg-laying substrate.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreeding depression as a selective force on mixed mating in the mangrove rivulus fish,Kryptolebias marmoratus

Gresham

Earley

2021

Preprint

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Mixed mating, a reproduction strategy utilized by many plants and invertebrates, optimizes the cost to benefit ratio of a labile mating system. One type of mixed mating includes outcrossing with conspecifics and self-fertilizing ones own eggs. The mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is one of two vertebrates known to employ both self-fertilization (selfing) and outcrossing. Variation in rates of outcrossing and selfing within and among populations produces individuals with diverse levels of heterozygosity. I designed an experiment to explore the consequences of variable heterozygosity across four ecologically relevant conditions of salinity and water availability (10ppt, 25ppt, and 40ppt salinity, and twice daily tide changes). I report a significant increase in mortality in the high salinity (40ppt) treatment. I also report significant effects on fecundity measures with increasing heterozygosity. The odds of laying eggs decreased with increasing heterozygosity across all treatments, and the number of eggs laid decreased with increasing heterozygosity in the 10ppt and 25ppt treatments. Increasing heterozygosity also was associated with a reduction liver mass and body condition in all treatments. My results highlight the fitness challenges that accompany living in mangrove forests ecosystem and provide the first evidence for outbreeding depression on reproductive and condition-related traits.

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Relationships between external sexually dimorphic characteristics and internal gonadal morphology in a sex‐changing fish

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Prolonged survival out of water is linked to a slow pace of life in a selfing amphibious fish

Prolonged survival out of water is linked to a slow pace of life in a selfing amphibious fish

Ontogeny of the morphology‐performance axis in an amphibious fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus)

Outbreeding depression as a selective force on mixed mating in the mangrove rivulus fish,Kryptolebias marmoratus

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