Relationships between chronotype, social jetlag, sleep, obesity and blood pressure in healthy young adults

McMahon, Daria M.; Burch, James B.; Youngstedt, Shawn D.; Wirth, Michael D.; Hardin, James W.; Hurley, Thomas G.; Blair, Steven N.; Hand, Gregory A.; Shook, Robin P.; Drenowatz, Clemens; Burgess, Stephanie; Hébert, James R.

doi:10.1080/07420528.2018.1563094

Cited by 77 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To date, most observational studies of the relationship between social jetlag and obesity markers have either been conducted in relatively ethnically homogenous populations (e.g. mostly White/Caucasian or East Asian) and/or have not mentioned adjustment for ethnicity (7,8,10,(20)(21)(22)25,56) . We found significant differences in social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among ethnic groups that may account for the attenuation of the relationship between social jetlag and BMI percentile observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the combination of both a shift towards later chronotype during adolescence (15) and early school start times (16) , adolescents experience short sleep during the school week and more social jetlag compared with adults (13) . In addition to short sleep duration (17)(18)(19) , some studies indicate that social jetlag is associated with higher BMI (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and larger waist circumference (7,10) among adults, though other studies indicate a null association (20)(21)(22)(23) . One study that examined the relationship between social jetlag and BMI among adolescents found a positive association (12) , with another demonstrating an association between social jetlag and increased odds of obesity only among females (24) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among adolescents in the USA

2020

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There is a lack of research on associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and obesity among adolescents. We examined the associations of social jetlag with eating behaviours and BMI in adolescents before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Self-report data were collected from 3060 adolescents (48·1 % female, mean age 15·59 (sd 0·77) years) from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. In regression models, social jetlag predicted odds of consumption of breakfast, fruits/vegetables, fast food and sweetened drinks and BMI percentile. Primary models adjusted for school night sleep duration, sex, age, household income and youth living arrangements; secondary models further adjusted for race/ethnicity. In fully adjusted models, greater social jetlag was associated with lower odds of consumption of breakfast (OR = 0·92, P = 0·003) and fruits/vegetables (OR = 0·92, P = 0·009) and higher odds of consumption of fast food (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001) and sweetened drinks (OR = 1·18, P < 0·001). Social jetlag was positively associated with BMI percentile after additional adjustment for eating behaviours (b = 0·84, P = 0·037), but this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for race/ethnicity (b = 0·72, P = 0·072). Ethnoracial differences in social jetlag may attenuate the association of social jetlag with BMI and should be considered in future studies of circadian misalignment, eating behaviours and obesity markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among adolescents in the USA

2020

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“…Other intervention studies also found that morning types had better weight loss outcome compared to evening types [34,99]. In fact, recent findings discovered that circadian misalignment can also increase obesity risk among morning types [96]. A short sleep duration (less than 6 h), reduced sleep efficiency (less than 85%) or staying awake after sleep timing (more than 60 min) can increase body fat percentage, waist:hip ratio and waist:height ratio.…”

Section: In Relation To Obesity and Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most studies included in this review also reported information on weight or BMI, and most of the cross-sectional studies have shown no difference in weight markers between morning and evening chronotypes (Table 1). This might be due to many of these studies being conducted among university students, and this age group population is young and mostly healthy; making them more resistant towards the effects of misalignment in sleep/wake timing [96]. Studies that were conducted among the same population would usually report the same outcome where the majority of their respondents had a healthy weight range [97,98].…”

Section: In Relation To Obesity and Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review

Mazri

Manaf

Shahar

et al. 2019

IJERPH

116

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Chronotype reflects an individual’s preferred time of the day for an activity/rest cycle and individuals can be classified as a morning, intermediate, or evening type. A growing number of studies have examined the relationship between chronotype and general health. This review aimed to map current evidence of the association between chronotype and dietary intake among the adult population. A systematic search was conducted across five databases: EBSCO Host, Medline & Ovid, Pubmed, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were adult subjects (more than 18 years old), and included an assessment of (i) chronotype, (ii) dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake, and (iii) an analysis of the association between chronotype and dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake. A total of 36 studies were included in the review. This review incorporated studies from various study designs, however, the majority of these studies were based on a cross-sectional design (n = 29). Dietary outcomes were categorized into three main groups, namely dietary behaviour, nutrient intake, and specific food group intake. This scoping review demonstrates that evening-type individuals are mostly engaged with unhealthy dietary habits related to obesity and were thus hampered in the case of weight loss interventions. Hence, this review has identified several dietary aspects that can be addressed in the development of a personalised chrono-nutrition weight loss intervention.

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“…Therefore, given the desynchrony of circadian oscillators and its effect on the physiology of the SHR model, a thorough analysis of central and peripheral circadian systems along with sleep–wake regulation in the GC fetal programming model will be valuable. Furthermore, the circadian gene expression changes underlying the DEX and SHR models of hypertension identified in thus study may be applicable to human shift workers and jet lagged individuals that present with increased blood pressure 54 , 55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Whole transcriptome analysis of adrenal glands from prenatal glucocorticoid programmed hypertensive rodents

Tharmalingam

Khurana

Murray

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with the development of hypertension in adults. We have previously demonstrated that antenatal dexamethosone (DEX) administration in Wistar-Kyoto dams results in offspring with increased blood pressure coupled with elevated plasma epinephrine levels. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for prenatal DEX-mediated programming of hypertension, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed on DEX programmed WKY male adrenal glands using the Rat Gene 2.0 microarray. Differential gene expression (DEG) analysis of DEX-exposed offspring compared with saline-treated controls revealed 142 significant DEGs (109 upregulated and 33 downregulated genes). DEG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that genes involved in circadian rhythm signaling were most robustly dysregulated. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the increased expression of circadian genes Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per2, Per3, Cry2 and Bhlhe41 were significantly downregulated. In contrast, gene expression profiling of Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats, a genetic model of hypertension, demonstrated decreased expression of Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Bhlhe41 and Csnk1D were all upregulated compared to naïve WKY controls. Taken together, this study establishes that glucocorticoid programmed adrenals have impaired circadian signaling and that changes in adrenal circadian rhythm may be an underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the development of hypertension.

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Relationships between chronotype, social jetlag, sleep, obesity and blood pressure in healthy young adults

Cited by 77 publications

References 63 publications

Social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among adolescents in the USA

Social jetlag, eating behaviours and BMI among adolescents in the USA

The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review

Whole transcriptome analysis of adrenal glands from prenatal glucocorticoid programmed hypertensive rodents

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