Relationships between Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin, Aldosterone and Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase in the Elderly

Annat, G.; Vincent, M.; Tourniaire, A; Sassard, J

doi:10.1159/000212482

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Amidst the few studies that have addressed a gender influence on PRA, two did not report a gender effect on baseline PRA in the elderly (22,37), whereas posturestimulated PRA was found either to be similar (22,37) or to be significantly lower (8) in normotensive women than in their male counterparts, as in the present study. With regard to the age influence, basal PRA measured after 1-8 h of recumbency has been found to be either unrelated to (18,22,37), as is the case in the present study, or lowered by age (2,26,44). On the other hand, with very few exceptions (22), there is a consensus that posture-stimulated PRA decreases with age (2, 8, 18, 26, 44), even in the case in which age was found not to influence baseline PRA (18,37).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Gender influence on vasoactive hormones at rest and during a 70° head-up tilt in healthy humans

Geelen

Laitinen²,

Hartikainen

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

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To evaluate the influence of age and gender on the neuroendocrine control of blood pressure in normal subjects, a 13-min 70 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) was applied after 3 h of recumbency to 109 healthy men and women aged 23-50 yr (age group I) and 51-77 yr (age group II). We found that age and gender had a significant influence on plasma norepinephrine (PNE) concentration at baseline and in the upright position. PNE was significantly higher in older men compared with the younger men and women of both age groups, suggesting a divergent age-related activation of the sympathetic nervous system between genders at baseline as well as during a sustained orthostatic challenge. There was no significant influence of age or gender on plasma epinephrine at baseline or during HUT. Plasma renin activity was significantly higher at baseline as well as in the upright position during HUT in elderly men than in women. Age or gender had no influence on plasma vasopressin (PAVP), and, regardless of age, nonhypotensive HUT induced an extremely modest increase in PAVP. The syncopal subjects displayed a hormonal pattern associating increased PNE and a surge in plasma epinephrine and PAVP minutes before syncope during HUT. The orthostatic intolerance appears not to be a feature of healthy aging per se. In healthy subjects, both age and gender modulate markedly the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to an orthostatic challenge and must be taken into consideration, particularly when catecholamine responses are studied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Gender influence on vasoactive hormones at rest and during a 70° head-up tilt in healthy humans

Geelen

Laitinen²,

Hartikainen

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…However, the lack of correlation between DBH activity and catecholamine concentrations under conditions of sympathetic activity led DeQuattro and colleagues (1976) to caution that DBIH is not a reliable index of sympathetic nervous activity in hypertension. Similar findings have led others to echo this sentiment (Grant et al, 1976; Lake et al, 1977a,b;Winer and Carter, 1977;Mjos et al, 1977;Annat et al, 1981). While there is a vast literature on the possible relationship between the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension, there is currently little support for a role of plasma DBH in hypertension.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

Siervogel

1983

American J Phys Anthropol

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The health significance of essential hypertension (high blood pressure of undefined origin) is well established. It is a major factor contributing to coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. It directly affects about one in five Americans. Factors which are known to be associated with blood pressure include: body composition as it relates to overall mass and fat mass; physiological variables involving the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; biochemical variables such as renin, aldosterone, kallikrein, lipids, and lipoproteins, etc.; environmental variables such as sodium intake, heavy metals, and noise; and psychological variables involving personality type and mental stress.There is a definite, well-established genetic involvement in hypertension, but specific genetic mechanisms remain a mystery. Familial aggregation occurs for many of the associated traits listed above. For some, specific polymorphic major genes have been identified, but for others genetic factors are unidentified. Essential hypertension is undoubtedly a heterogeneous group of diseases with the common end result of elevated blood pressure. Because of its health significance, there is considerable interest in identifying genetic mechanisms resulting in essential hypertension. One area that currently shows some potential for the identification of a specific genetic mechanism is related to the transmembrane transport of sodium and potassium cations.A genetic component has long been suspected in essential hypertension, but a clear and definitive genetic mechanism has yet to be identified. Since there are many variables that can affect blood pressure, this review of the genetics of essential hypertension necessarily involves a discussion of related traits. Before focusing on the genetic and familial aspects of hypertension a description of the normal course of human blood pressure is presented and some of the traits related to it are discussed. NATURAL HISTORY OF BLOOD PRESSUREUntil recently, reports describing blood pressure patterns during the neonatal period were relatively few, largely because of the difficulty of accurately measuring blood pressure in infants by noninvasive techniques. The ultrasonic technique utilizing the Doppler effect greatly facilitated noninvasive systolic blood pressure determination in infants (McLaughlin et al., 1971). Accurate automatic methods are currently available using the oscillometric principal coupled with a microcomputer and a standard limb blood presure cuff (Friesen and Lichtor, 1981). Even in adults newer methods are being developed (Wolthuis et al., 1981).© 1983 Alan R. Liss, Inc. [Vol.26,1983 Systolic blood pressure tends to increase sharply during the first two weeks of life from a mean of 70 mmHg at 2 days to 84 mmHg at 2 weeks. It continues to increase at a slightly slower rate over the next 4 weeks to a mean of about 93 mmHg at 6 weeks (Earley et aI., 1980); from 6 weeks to 1 year af age there is little change in systolic pressure (deSwiet et aI., 1975(deSwiet et ...

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“…Although serum D/3H activity has been reported to increase with age, no subjects over the age of 60 were examined in this study. 78 Using the less reliable spectrophotometric determination of D/3H, Annat et al 79 found no difference in D/3H levels between young and aged normotensive subjects.…”

Section: Effect Of Aging On Dopaminergic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral dopamine in pathophysiology of hypertension. Interaction with aging and lifestyle.

Küchel

Kuchel

1991

Hypertension

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Dopamine, an ancestral catecholamine, is physiologically natriuretic and vasodilating, thus essentially protecting against hypertension. Its actions are overshadowed by the opposite effects of its main biological partner, norepinephrine, and this is accentuated with aging. Clinical observations combined with molecular biology approaches to catecholamine-synthesizing and catecholamine-metabolizing enzymes and receptors permit the identification of some inborn defects. Subtle changes in the dopamine-norepinephrine balance may account for the enhanced peripheral noradrenergic activity seen in the setting of decreased dopaminergic activity in advanced age. These changes may contribute to the diminished ability of the aged kidney to excrete a salt load, as well as to the finding that systolic blood pressure increases with age in populations with a high, but not in those with a low, intake of salt. The attainment of advanced age in Western societies with adverse lifestyle changes (mental rather than physical stress, excess salt intake, overeating, sedentarism) appears to facilitate the development of hyperten-sion. The adaptation to all the preceding lifestyle changes necessitates an increased dopamine generation, which may initially compensate to maintain appropriate natriuresis and vasodila-tion since many patients with initial borderline essential hypertension express their sympathetic hyperfunction, in addition to increased norepinephrine release, by excessive dopamine release. However, the progression of hypertension is accompanied by a peripheral dopaminer-gic deficiency and diminished ability to excrete salt. This may represent an eventual inadequacy of a phylogenetically redundant system resulting in decreased natriuresis and vasodilation and may account for the responsiveness of established chronic hypertension to salt restriction, diuretics, and dopaminomimetic medication. (Hypertension 1991;18:709-721) O ver the last decade, it has become apparent that dopamine (DA) is an important neuro-transmitter in the peripheral nervous system. Nonneuronal (kidney, intestine, blood vessels) and neuronal (neural terminals, adrenal medulla) tissues are target organs for circulating DA and also for DA synthesized and secreted locally as a paracrine substance. DA receptors located extracellularly in plasma-exposed cellular membranes transduce their signals to the intracellular milieu through a variety of second messengers, including adenylate cyclase, phos-pholipase C, protein kinase C, and other protein kinases. Peripheral DA! receptors (typical for vascular smooth muscles and renal tubules) act via adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C stimulation, whereas DA 2 receptors presynaptically suppress the release of norepinephrine (NE) via adenylate cyclase inhibition. 1 DA has been shown to affect the actions of ion transporters as well as a variety of cellular enzymes and appears to be physiologically important in the control of renal function. The sum of the effects of physiological DA concentrations on the kidney (DA r med...

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Relationships between Blood Pressure and Plasma Renin, Aldosterone and Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase in the Elderly

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Gender influence on vasoactive hormones at rest and during a 70° head-up tilt in healthy humans

Gender influence on vasoactive hormones at rest and during a 70° head-up tilt in healthy humans

Genetic and familial factors in essential hypertension and related traits

Peripheral dopamine in pathophysiology of hypertension. Interaction with aging and lifestyle.

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