Relationships between ambient conditions, thermal status, and feed intake of cattle during summer heat stress with access to shade

Curtis, Andrew K; Scharf, B.; Eichen, P. A.; Spiers, Donald E.

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.015

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The stressed animals attempt to ameliorate the negative effects of direct heat load by using shade whenever they can access to it. Research clearly shows that dairy cattle use shade in warm environments, and that the frequency of this behaviour was found to increase with higher air temperature and solar radiation (Curtis et al, 2017). However, tropical indigenous breeds were observed to be highly adapted to direct heat stress, spending more time for grazing than resting in shade.…”

Section: Behavioural Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Valente et al (2015) reported reduced feed intake in both heat stressed Nellore and Angus cattle breeds as compared to their counterparts kept in normal controlled condition. In addition, behavioural studies also showed changes in grazing patterns of extensively managed cows with low and high grazing time during day and night, respectively (Curtis et al, 2017).…”

Section: Behavioural Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Sejian

Bhatta

Gaughan

et al. 2018

Animal

332

206

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Livestock plays an important role in the global economy. Climate change effects are not only limited to crop production, but also affect livestock production, for example reduced milk yields and milk quality, reduced meat production and reduced fertility. Therefore, livestock-based food security is threatened in many parts of the world. Furthermore, multiple stressors are a common phenomenon in many environments, and are likely to increase due to climate change. Among these stresses, heat stress appears to be the major factor which negatively influences livestock production. Hence, it is critical to identify agro-ecological zone-specific climate resilient thermo-tolerant animals to sustain livestock production. Livestock responds to the changing environments by altering their phenotypic and physiological characters. Therefore, survivability of the animal often depends on its ability to cope with or adapt to the existing conditions. So to sustain livestock production in an environment challenged by climate change, the animals must be genetically suitable and have the ability to survive in diversified environments. Biological markers or biomarkers indicate the biological states or alterations in expression pattern of genes or state of protein that serve as a reference point in breeding for the genetic improvement of livestock. Conventionally, identification of animals with superior genetic traits that were economically beneficial was the fundamental reason for identifying biomarkers in animals. Furthermore, compared with the behavioural, morphological or physiological responses in animals, the genetic markers are important because of the possibility of finding a solution to animal adaptability to climate change.

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Section: Behavioural Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioural Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Sejian

Bhatta

Gaughan

et al. 2018

Animal

332

206

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Depending on cow-specific factors, such as breed, age or productivity (milk yield), and the local environment in which the cows are adapted, the edges of the thermoneutral zone and the stress threshold differ (e.g., the optimum is considered to be at 5 or 15 • C) (Hahn, 1999;Kadzere et al, 2002;West, 2003;Brügemann et al, 2012;Heinicke et al, 2018). Potential stress indicators are changes in body temperature, respiration rate, milk yield, rumination activity or lying, and feeding and drinking behavior (Hempel et al, 2016a;Polsky and von Keyserlingk, 2017;Curtis et al, 2017;Heinicke et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

et al. 2019

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Abstract. In the last decades, a global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local impacts on livestock husbandry. Direct impacts include the occurrence of climatic stress conditions. In Europe, cows are economically highly relevant and are mainly kept in naturally ventilated buildings that are most susceptible to climate change. The high-yielding cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Modifications in housing management are the main measures taken to improve the ability of livestock to cope with these conditions. Measures are typically taken in direct reaction to uncomfortable conditions instead of in anticipation of a long-term risk for climatic stress. Measures that balance welfare, environmental and economic issues are barely investigated in the context of climate change and are thus almost not available for commercial farms. Quantitative analysis of the climate change impacts on animal welfare and linked economic and environmental factors is rare. Therefore, we used a numerical modeling approach to estimate the future heat stress risk in such dairy cattle husbandry systems. The indoor climate was monitored inside three reference barns in central Europe and the Mediterranean regions. An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was trained to relate the outdoor weather conditions provided by official meteorological weather stations to the measured indoor microclimate. Subsequently, this ANN model was driven by an ensemble of regional climate model projections with three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. For the evaluation of the heat stress risk, we considered the number and duration of heat stress events. Based on the changes in the heat stress events, various economic and environmental impacts were estimated. The impacts of the projected increase in heat stress risk varied among the barns due to different locations and designs as well as the anticipated climate change (considering different climate models and future greenhouse gas concentrations). There was an overall increasing trend in number and duration of heat stress events. At the end of the century, the number of annual stress events can be expected to increase by up to 2000, while the average duration of the events increases by up to 22 h compared to the end of the last century. This implies strong impacts on economics, environment and animal welfare and an urgent need for mid-term adaptation strategies. We anticipated that up to one-tenth of all hours of a year, correspondingly one-third of all days, will be classified as critical heat stress conditions. Due to heat stress, milk yield may decrease by about 2.8 % relative to the present European milk yield, and farmers may expect financial losses in the summer season of about 5.4 % of their monthly income. In addition, an increasing demand for emission reduction measures must be expected, as an emission increase of about 16 Gg of ammonia and 0.1 Gg of methane per year can be expected under the anticipated heat stress conditions. The cattle respiration rate increases by up to 60 %, and the standing time may be prolonged by 1 h. This causes health issues and increases the probability of medical treatments. The various impacts imply feedback loops in the climate system which are presently underexplored. Hence, future in-depth studies on the different impacts and adaptation options at different stress levels are highly recommended.

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“…Blackshaw and Blackshaw (1994) reported that the cows using shade during warm summer showed lower core body temperature and respiration rate as compared to those animals without shade. Similarly, Curtis et al (2017) reported that the dairy cattle seeking shade during heat stress increased their feed intake with high air temperature and solar radiation. However, tropical indigenous breeds were observed to be highly adapted to direct heat stress, spending more time for grazing than resting in shade (Sejian et al 2018).…”

Section: Behavioral Mechanisms Of Cattlementioning

confidence: 96%

Resilient capacity of cattle to environmental challenges – An updated review

Parameshwarappa¹,

Physiology²,

Sejian³

et al. 2019

JABB

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Livestock rearing plays an integral role in enabling small and marginal farmers to ensure their livelihood security, which prevents both the food insecurity and poverty. Among the livestock, large ruminants and in particular cattle plays a significant role from economic perspectives. This review is an attempt to compile information pertaining to thermo-tolerance of cattle to heat stress challenges. Heat stress has serious consequences, which negatively influence cattle production causing severe economic burden to the cattle farmers. The ability of the cattle to perform normal biological functions in various adverse environmental conditions denotes its resilient capacity. The resilience capacity is determined by various traits which govern maintaining their body conformation, respiratory and cutaneous evaporative cooling mechanisms, hair coat, maintenance of metabolic rate, feed efficiency, tolerance to dehydration, production maintenance and reproductive efficiency. Breed differences were established for climate resilience and the superiority of indigenous breeds over exotic animals were established in this aspect. The resilience capacity of indigenous cattle based on changes associated with both phenotypic and genotypic traits were reviewed and several biological markers, which reflect the ability of cattle to survive in different climatic conditions, were highlighted. The significance of refining the existing breed program for imparting climate resilience was projected to identify breeds, which have the ability to survive in different agro-ecological zones.

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Relationships between ambient conditions, thermal status, and feed intake of cattle during summer heat stress with access to shade

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Review: Adaptation of animals to heat stress

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

Resilient capacity of cattle to environmental challenges – An updated review

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