Relationships among three measures of conflict over hostility.

Thematic hostility and guilt responses as related to self-reported hostility, guilt, and conflict.

“…Thus it is possible to acknowledge or express avoidance tendencies and to inhibit the recognition or expression of approach tendencies. In a study in which subjects were selected on the basis of expression and inhibition of hostile responses on a thematic apperception test (Nelson & Epstein, 1962), where self-ratings were not involved, the results supported hypotheses derived from the conflict model.…”

Some theoretical considerations on the nature of ambiguity and the use of stimulus dimensions in projective techniques.

“…The same curve form has appeared in studies of conflict over hostility (Cazavelan, 1961;Nelson & Epstein, 1962), and gives us reason to believe that not only can stimulus dimensions be used to establish the intensity of a conflict, but that they can be used to distinguish old from new conflicts, as well.…”

“…Further evidence for the validity of the con-flict model when the criterion of conflict is established in terms of expression and inhibition and not in terms of behavioral approach and avoidance is provided by a comparison of two studies dealing with conflict over hostility. In one of the studies (Nelson & Epstein, 1962), conflict was defined in terms of the expression and inhibition of verbal responses, and the model was upheld. In the other (Saltz & Epstein, 1963), conflict was defined in terms of approach and avoidance tendencies, and the model was not supported.…”