Relationships among Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Intake, and Stress in Breastfeeding Women

Aubuchon‐Endsley, Nicki; Kennedy, Tay; Gilchrist, Megan; Thomas, David; Grant, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.12.017

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nutrition of a nursing woman can also affect the composition of milk and the lactation process itself, which is crucial for proper infant development. Meanwhile, many studies confirm that the intake of energy and nutrients by breastfeeding women usually does not meet the general recommendations in this group [40][41][42][43]. The low accuracy of prediction equations for evaluating REE in exclusively breastfeeding women implies greater difficulty in establishing the proper nutritional interventions for this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Energy Expenditure during Breastfeeding: Body Composition Analysis vs. Predictive Equations Based on Anthropometric Parameters

2020

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Accurate estimation of energy expenditure in a breastfeeding woman is crucial for maintaining the proper nutritional status of the woman and healthy development of the infant. The current literature does not contain data regarding resting energy expenditure (REE) in breastfeeding women. Using mathematical equations is the most common method of REE assessment. However, due to changes in metabolism and body composition during pregnancy and lactation, the mathematical equations used among the general population may not apply. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resting energy expenditure of exclusively breastfeeding women by using body composition analysis–estimated REE (eREE) and to provide the most appropriate predictive equations–predicted REE (pREE) based on anthropometric parameters to estimate it. This was a pilot study with 40 exclusively breastfeeding women. Height and weight were measured and body composition analysis was performed. We predicted REE using fourteen self-selected equations, based on anthropometric parameters and/or age, and/or sex. The median eREE was 1515.0 ± 68.4 kcal (95% Cl, 1477–1582 kcal) and the pREE ranged from 1149.7 kcal (95% Cl, 1088.7–1215.0) by Bernstein et al., to 1576.8 kcal (95% Cl, 1479.9–1683.4), by Müller et al. Significant differences between eREE and all pREE were observed (p < 0.001, except Korth et al. equations). The Müller et al. equation was the most accurate with the smallest individual variation. All predictive equations showed low agreement, and in most cases, the results were underestimated. These findings indicate the need for further studies to propose more suitable methods to determine the energy requirements for breastfeeding women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Energy Expenditure during Breastfeeding: Body Composition Analysis vs. Predictive Equations Based on Anthropometric Parameters

2020

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“…According to the previous studies [43,44], maternal nutrition practices/status related to vitamin concentrations in human milk is influenced by socio-economic status. However, little literature has focused on the relationships between the levels of water-soluble vitamins in human milk and the socio-economic characteristics of lactating women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

et al. 2017

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Background: Adequate B-vitamins concentrations in human milk are considered to be a prerequisite for healthy development of infants in early life. This study aims to determine the concentrations of B-vitamins in human milk from Chinese women and the relationships between their concentrations and different geographical origin, lactation stages, socioeconomic characteristics, and dietary intake. Methods: Human milk was obtained from 443 healthy lactating women from Beijing (n = 150), Suzhou (n = 146), and Guangzhou (n = 147) cities. Thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B 3 (nicotinamide and nicotinic acid), and vitamin B 6 (pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine) in human milk were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pantothenic acid, biotin, and folates in human milk were analyzed by microbiological assay. The information from one 24-h dietary recall and socioeconomic characteristics were collected by interview and structured questionnaire, respectively. 34, 7.58, 8.60, 9.34, 10.20 (μg/100 g); biotin 0.462, 0.834, 0.606, 0.523, 0.464 (μg/100 g); folates 0.730, 2.390, 2.440, 2.420, 2.330 (μg/100 g). The levels of B-vitamins presented regional differences and varied significantly among different lactation stages. The inversely associations of thiamine, vitamin B 6 , and folates with maternal BMI were found in multivariate analyses (p < 0.05), as well as higher pantothenic acid, folates, and biotin concentrations in lactating women with supplement intake when compared with those without (p < 0.05). Riboflavin concentrations associated with regular exercise was found in multivariate analyses (p < 0.05).

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“…The requirements for minerals during lactation period are quantitatively greater than those during pregnancy and recommendation level for adults, therefore lactation poses a significant threat to maternal mineral homeostasis[ 14 ]. Previous studies reported a high prevalence of mineral deficiencies in lactating women, particularly in women with chronically low dietary minerals intakes[ 15 ]. The current study has supported and extended previous findings by demonstrating that Chinese women during lactation had an inappropriate food intake, and although the intake of some minerals has been improved, women still faced the nutrition problems of both insufficient and excessive intake of certain minerals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Concerns of Insufficient and Excessive Intake of Dietary Minerals in Lactating Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Three Cities of China

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveObjectives of this study were 1) to investigate the mineral intake by Chinese lactating women, 2) to explore the dietary source of minerals, and 3) the ratios between different dietary minerals.MethodsA total of 468 lactating women in 5–240 days post-partum participated in this study. Food intakes by participants were measured using one time of 24-hour dietary recall, and minerals from food were calculated based on the Chinese Food Composition Table, second edition.ResultsIn post-partum, women had inadequate food intake. 81.0% of women’s daily intake of dairy products was lower than 300g, and 97.1% of women’s daily intake of salt over 6g. For mineral intake, there were 81.8%, 59.0%, 47.6%, 45.7% and 66.8% of women’s calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and selenium intake lower than the estimated average requirement, respectively, and 91.7% of women’s excessive intake of sodium. The calcium/phosphorus and sodium/potassium ratios were 0.41±0.26/1 and 3.13±2.89/1, respectively. Considering the dietary sources of minerals, 27.3%, 25.3% and 30.1% of iron, zinc and calcium were from animal-based food, respectively, and 60.3%, 66.1% and 58.0% of iron, zinc and calcium were from plant-based food, respectively. The phosphorus-protein ratio was 0.014±0.003/1. Lactation stage was associated with nutrient intake. Women within 30 days post-partum and the ones who live in Guangzhou had a significantly lower intake of certain minerals, while women with a high education experience had a high intake of calcium, potassium, iron and zinc. Productive age, whether obese or not, and delivery ways were not associated with mineral intakes (P all >0.05).ConclusionChinese women in three studied cities had an inappropriate food intake and resulted in both insufficient and excessive intakes of certain minerals.

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Relationships among Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Intake, and Stress in Breastfeeding Women

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Resting Energy Expenditure during Breastfeeding: Body Composition Analysis vs. Predictive Equations Based on Anthropometric Parameters

Resting Energy Expenditure during Breastfeeding: Body Composition Analysis vs. Predictive Equations Based on Anthropometric Parameters

Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

Nutrition Concerns of Insufficient and Excessive Intake of Dietary Minerals in Lactating Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Three Cities of China

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